grthtrhthjhtyjytjytkergtrhtrjytjerhrfh4:24 29/09/2026+ ?(~Rt^RIt^RIt^RIt^RIt^RIt^RIt^RIH t H t H t ^RI H t ^RIHt^RIHt^RIHt.ROt.R NRNRNRNRNRNRNRNRNRNRNRNRNRNRNRNRNRNRNR NR!NR"NR#NR$NR%NR&NR'NR(NR)NR*NR+NR,NR-Nt.R.NR/NR0NR1NR2NR3NR4NR5NR6NR7NR8NR9NR:NR;NRNR?NR@NRANRBNRCNRDNRENRFNRGNRHNRINRJNRKNRLNRMNRNNRONRPNRQNRRNRSNRTNRUNRVNRWNRXNRYNRZNR[NR\NR]NR^NR_NR`NRaNRbNRcNRdNReNRfNRgNRhNRiNRjNRkNRlNRmNRnNRoNRpNRqNRrNRsNRtNRuNRvNRwNRxNRyNRzNR{NR|NR}NR~NtRR.t]],],],R.,t.ROt/R{RbRRbRRbRRbRRbRRbRRbRRbR^ bRRbRkRbRWRbR@RbRbRbRRbRRbRRbRRR(RRR/CtRtRt]!]4!RR ]4tRt Rt!Rt"RRlt#!RR]PH4t%]#!]%]PLR4!RR]PN4t(]PLt&!RR])4t*!RR]4t+!RR]4t,!RR ])4t-!RR])4t.!RR]*4t/!RR])4t0!RR])4t1!RR])4t2!RR ]1]04t3]3t4Rt5!RR]/4t6!RR ]34t7]7t8RRlt9Rt:]R,t;];R8wd ]:!];4Rt=Rt>Rt?Rt@RtA]A!]]6RR]?4]A!]]7RR]>4]BtC]DR8Xd!RtERtFRtG]F!4]G!4]H!4R#R# ]d ]!R4ELri;i ]<d ]!R];4Ly]d]!R];,4Li;i)a Turtle graphics is a popular way for introducing programming to kids. It was part of the original Logo programming language developed by Wally Feurzig and Seymour Papert in 1966. Imagine a robotic turtle starting at (0, 0) in the x-y plane. After an ``import turtle``, give it the command turtle.forward(15), and it moves (on-screen!) 15 pixels in the direction it is facing, drawing a line as it moves. Give it the command turtle.right(25), and it rotates in-place 25 degrees clockwise. By combining together these and similar commands, intricate shapes and pictures can easily be drawn. ----- turtle.py This module is an extended reimplementation of turtle.py from the Python standard distribution up to Python 2.5. (See: https://www.python.org) It tries to keep the merits of turtle.py and to be (nearly) 100% compatible with it. This means in the first place to enable the learning programmer to use all the commands, classes and methods interactively when using the module from within IDLE run with the -n switch. Roughly it has the following features added: - Better animation of the turtle movements, especially of turning the turtle. So the turtles can more easily be used as a visual feedback instrument by the (beginning) programmer. - Different turtle shapes, image files as turtle shapes, user defined and user controllable turtle shapes, among them compound (multicolored) shapes. Turtle shapes can be stretched and tilted, which makes turtles very versatile geometrical objects. - Fine control over turtle movement and screen updates via delay(), and enhanced tracer() and speed() methods. - Aliases for the most commonly used commands, like fd for forward etc., following the early Logo traditions. This reduces the boring work of typing long sequences of commands, which often occur in a natural way when kids try to program fancy pictures on their first encounter with turtle graphics. - Turtles now have an undo()-method with configurable undo-buffer. - Some simple commands/methods for creating event driven programs (mouse-, key-, timer-events). Especially useful for programming games. - A scrollable Canvas class. The default scrollable Canvas can be extended interactively as needed while playing around with the turtle(s). - A TurtleScreen class with methods controlling background color or background image, window and canvas size and other properties of the TurtleScreen. - There is a method, setworldcoordinates(), to install a user defined coordinate-system for the TurtleScreen. - The implementation uses a 2-vector class named Vec2D, derived from tuple. This class is public, so it can be imported by the application programmer, which makes certain types of computations very natural and compact. - Appearance of the TurtleScreen and the Turtles at startup/import can be configured by means of a turtle.cfg configuration file. The default configuration mimics the appearance of the old turtle module. - If configured appropriately the module reads in docstrings from a docstring dictionary in some different language, supplied separately and replaces the English ones by those read in. There is a utility function write_docstringdict() to write a dictionary with the original (English) docstrings to disc, so it can serve as a template for translations. Behind the scenes there are some features included with possible extensions in mind. These will be commented and documented elsewhere. N)isfilesplitjoin)Path)contextmanager)deepcopy) simpledialogScrolledCanvas TurtleScreen RawTurtleTurtleShapeVec2Daddshapebgcolorbgpicbye clearscreen colormodedelay exitonclick getcanvas getshapeslistenmainloopmode no_animationnuminputonkey onkeypress onkeyrelease onscreenclickontimerregister_shape resetscreen screensizesavesetupsetworldcoordinates textinputtitletracerturtlesupdate window_height window_widthbackbackward begin_fill begin_polybkcircleclear clearstamp clearstampsclonecolordegreesdistancedotdownend_fillend_polyfd fillcolorfillfillingforwardget_polygetpen getscreen get_shapepoly getturtlegotoheading hideturtlehomehtisdown isvisibleleftltonclickondrag onreleasepdpenpencolorpendownpensizepenuppolypospositionpuradiansrightreset resizemodertseth setheadingsetpos setposition setundobuffersetxsetyshape shapesizeshapetransform shearfactor showturtlespeedststampteleporttilt tiltangletowards turtlesizeundoundobufferentriesupwidthwritexcorycorwrite_docstringdictdone Terminator?heightg? canvwidthi canvheighti, leftright topbottomstandard?undobuffersizeiclassicblacknoresizevisibleTlanguageenglish exampleturtleturtle examplescreenscreenzPython Turtle Graphics using_IDLEFc@\VR4;_uu_4pVP4pRRR4/pXFpVP4pV'dVPR4'dK4VP R4wrVTP4pTP4pTR9d \T4pM RT9d \T4pM \T4pYcT&K V# +'giL;i \ d\ RT: RT: 24Ki;i \ dLOi;i) z/Convert content of config-file into dictionary.rN#=zBad line in config-file z: .)TrueFalseNonez''z"") open readlinesstrip startswithr ValueErrorprintevalfloatint)filenamefcfglinescfgdictlinekeyvalues& -/opt/alt/python314/lib64/python3.14/turtle.py config_dictrs h  ;;= Gzz|ts++  CJCiik  9 9KE %<!%LEJE +, N3    xE F    s5C'C*.D D C' *D  D  DDcdRp/p/p\V4'd \V4pRV9dRVR,,p\\4wrE\ WA4p\V4'd \V4p\ PV4\ PV4R# \ dRpLWi;i)aRead config-files, change configuration-dict accordingly. If there is a turtle.cfg file in the current working directory, read it from there. If this contains an importconfig-value, say 'myway', construct filename turtle_mayway.cfg else use turtle.cfg and read it from the import-directory, where turtle.py is located. Update configuration dictionary first according to config-file, in the import directory, then according to config-file in the current working directory. If no config-file is found, the default configuration is used. z turtle.cfg importconfigz turtle_%s.cfgN)rrr__file__r Exception_CFGr-)r default_cfgcfgdict1cfgdict2headtail cfg_file2s& r readconfigrsKHH k{+!%(@@ 8_ + iy)KKKK  sB B/.B/z"No configfile read, reason unknownc`a]tRt^toRtRtRtRtRtRt Rt Rt R t R t R tR tVtR #)raA 2 dimensional vector class, used as a helper class for implementing turtle graphics. May be useful for turtle graphics programs also. Derived from tuple, so a vector is a tuple! Provides (for a, b vectors, k number): a+b vector addition a-b vector subtraction a*b inner product k*a and a*k multiplication with scalar |a| absolute value of a a.rotate(angle) rotation c0\PWV34#N)tuple__new__)clsxys&&&rr Vec2D.__new__s}}Sa&))cn\V^,V^,,V^,V^,,4#rselfothers&&r__add__ Vec2D.__add__)T!WU1X%tAwuQx'788rc\V\4'd4V^,V^,,V^,V^,,,#\V^,V,V^,V,4#r) isinstancerrs&&r__mul__ Vec2D.__mul__sQ eU # #758#DGE!H$44 4T!WU]DGEM22rc\V\4'g\V\4'd)\V^,V,V^,V,4#\#r)rrrrNotImplementedrs&&r__rmul__Vec2D.__rmul__s> eS ! !Zu%=%=aQ 6 6rcn\V^,V^,, V^,V^,, 4#rrrs&&r__sub__ Vec2D.__sub__rrc:\V^,)V^,)4#rrrs&r__neg__ Vec2D.__neg__sd1gXQx((rc*\P!V!#r)mathhypotrs&r__abs__ Vec2D.__abs__szz4  rc ^\V^,)V^,4p\P!V4p\P!V4\P!V4rC\V^,V,V^,V,,V^,V,V^,V,,4#)z.rotate self counterclockwise by angle )rrracossin)rangleperpcss&& rrotate Vec2D.rotate svd1gXtAw' U#xx1T!WQYtAwqy($q'!)DGAI*=>>rc&V^,V^,3#rrs&r__getnewargs__Vec2D.__getnewargs__sQa!!rcRV,#)z (%.2f,%.2f)rrs&r__repr__Vec2D.__repr__s t##rrN)__name__ __module__ __qualname____firstlineno____doc__rrrrrrrrrr__static_attributes____classdictcell__ __classdict__s@rrrsA *939)!?"$$rc\VP4pVP4VFp\W14K VPP 4F)wrE\ V4\P8XgK%WQV&K+ R#)#helper function for Scrolled CanvasN) list __bases__reverse __methodDict__dict__itemstypetypes FunctionType)r_dictbaseList_superrrs&& rrrs`CMM"H V#ll((*  ;%,, ,#J+rc</p\W4VP4#)r)rkeys)rr s& r __methodsr(s E ::<rc/p\W4/p\V4pVP4F3pVR,R8XgVRRR8Xg Ws9gWv9dK)WG,WW&K5 VP4FPwrRVRV /p \ V\ 4'd\ RVRV/,p \X V 4\WW,4KR R#):NN_Nmethodfunc attribute) rrrrrstr __stringBodyexecsetattr) fromClasstoClasstoPartexclude_dict_1r mfcexrrd execStrings &&&& r__forwardmethodsr%2sG" E I Clln b6S=BrsGsNbmry  EI    vvt , fc " "6;HH  Z 19- &rcha]tRtRtoRtRRltRRltRtRtRt R t R t R t R t R tRtVtR#)r iGzModeled after the scrolled canvas class from Grayons's Tkinter book. Used as the default canvas, which pops up automatically when using turtle graphics functions or the Turtle class. c \PPWW#R7VP4VnW#uVnVnWEuVnVnRVn \P!WVVP\P^R7Vn \P!WPP\PR7Vn\P!WPP"R7VnVPP'VP P(VP$P(R7VP+^^^R7VP-^^^R7VPP/^V^^^^^RR7VP$P/^V^^^^^RR7VP P/^V^^^^^RR7VP14VPP3R VP44R #) )r}rwhite)r}rbgrelief borderwidth)commandorient)r,)xscrollcommandyscrollcommand)weightminsizenewspadxin_padyrowcolumnrowspan columnspanstickyz N)TKFrame__init__winfo_toplevel _rootwindowr}rrrr)CanvasSUNKEN_canvas Scrollbarxview HORIZONTALhscrollyviewvscroll configureset rowconfigurecolumnconfiguregridrcbindonResize)rmasterr}rrrs&&&&&&rr>ScrolledCanvas.__init__Ms $eC..0"' DK*3'yyV$(GGBII1N ||FLL4F4F+-==: ||FLL4F4FG  dll.>.>.2ll.>.>  @ !Aq1 Qq!4 q1!!&  B q1!!&  B q1!!&  B  mT]];rNc V'dWnV'dW nV'dW0nVPP VVP)^,VP)^,VP^,VP^,3R7VPP RVPVP , ^,,VP, 4VPPRVPVP, ^,,VP, 4VP4R#)zBoo#N O rc  VPP4pVPP4pVPPRVPV, ,VP, 4VPP RVP V, ,VP , 4WP8gW P 8dIVPP^V^^^^^RR7VPP^V^^^^^RR7R#VPP4VPP4R#)z@Adjust scrollbars according to window- and canvas-size. rr2r3N) rC winfo_width winfo_heightrVrrWrrGrNrI grid_forget)rcwidthcheights& rrXScrolledCanvas.adjustScrollsxs))+,,++- !!#t~~f'<"=dnn"LM !!#tw'>"?"OP NN "g&? LL  1Dqa%&a  P LL  1Dqa%&a  P LL $ $ & LL $ $ &rc &VP4R#)zself-explanatoryN)rX)revents&&rrPScrolledCanvas.onResizes rc 6VPP!V!#?'forward' method, which canvas itself has inherited... )rCbboxrargss&*rrhScrolledCanvas.bboxs||  $''rc :VPP!V/VB#rf)rCcgetrrjkwargss&*,rrmScrolledCanvas.cgets||  $1&11rc >VPP!V/VBR#rgN)rCrUrns&*,rrUScrolledCanvas.config T,V,rc >VPP!V/VBR#rr)rCrOrns&*,rrOScrolledCanvas.binds 4*6*rc >VPP!V/VBR#rr)rCunbindrns&*,rrxScrolledCanvas.unbindrtrc :VPP4R#rr)rC focus_forcers&rr{ScrolledCanvas.focus_forces   "r) rCr@r)rrrrGrIr})i^iXr}NNN)rrrrrr>rcrXrPrhrmrUrOrxr{rrrs@rr r GsA <2$' ( 2 - + - ##rrCcNa]tRtRtoRtRtRtRtRtRt Rt R t R t Vt R #) _Rootiz'Root class for Screen based on Tkinter.cD\PPV4R#r)r<Tkr>rs&rr>_Root.__init__s trcd\WW#V4VnVPP^RR7R#)rboth)expandrCN)r rCpack)rr}rr_r`s&&&&&r setupcanvas_Root.setupcanvass)%d67K  0rcVP#rrCrs&r _getcanvas_Root._getcanvass ||rc:VPRWW43,4R#)z %dx%d%+d%+dN)geometry)rr}rstartxstartys&&&&&r set_geometry_Root.set_geometrys mUF$CCDrc*VPRV4R#)WM_DELETE_WINDOWN) wm_protocol)rdestroys&&r ondestroy_Root.ondestroys +W5rc"VP4#r)winfo_screenwidthrs&r win_width_Root.win_widths%%''rc"VP4#r)winfo_screenheightrs&r win_height_Root.win_heights&&((rrN)rrrrrr>rrrrrrrrrs@rrrs111E6())rrca]tRtRtoRtRtRtRtRtR&Rlt R t R&R lt R t R t R tRtR'RltRtR(RltR(RltR(RltR(RltRtR'RltRtRtRtRtRtRtRtRtRt R)R lt!R!t"R"t#R#t$R)R$lt%R%t&Vt'R#)*TurtleScreenBaseizProvide the basic graphics functionality. Interface between Tkinter and turtle.py. To port turtle.py to some different graphics toolkit a corresponding TurtleScreenBase class has to be implemented. c l\P!^^VPR7pVP4V#)z$return a blank image object )r}rrQ)r< PhotoImagecvblank)rimgs& r _blankimageTurtleScreenBase._blankimages(mm!Adgg>  rc D\P!WPR7#)zSreturn an image object containing the imagedata from an image file named filename. )filerQ)r<rr)rrs&&r_imageTurtleScreenBase._images}}(77;;rcWn\V\4'd.VPPpVPPpM\ VPP R44p\ VPP R44pVPPV)^,V)^,V^,V^,3R7W nW0nR;VnVn RVn R#)r}rrTrFN) rrr rrrrmrUxscaleyscale _updating)rrwhs&& rr>TurtleScreenBase.__init__s b. ) )!!A""ADGGLL)*ADGGLL*+A GGNNA2q51"a%Aq!t*EN F$'' dkrc >VPPRRRR7#)z>> GG $ $ &  # GGNN "DNUDNs A A#c <VPPV4R#)z-Delay subsequent canvas actions for delay ms.N)rafterrrs&&r_delayTurtleScreenBase._delay:s  erc ~VPPV4pRpV# \PdRpT#i;i)zCCheck if the string color is a legal Tkinter color string. TF)r winfo_rgbr<TclError)rr:rgboks&& r_iscolorstringTurtleScreenBase._iscolorstring>sF ''##E*CB {{ B  s !<<c Ve/VPPVR7VP4R#VPPR4#)zNSet canvas' backgroundcolor if color is not None, else return backgroundcolor.N)r)r))rrUrrm)rr:s&&r_bgcolorTurtleScreenBase._bgcolorHs8   GGNNN & LLN77<<% %rc  VwrgW`P,pWpP,pRRRRRR/pVPPV^, V)W(V,WTR7p VPP V 4wrrW^, 3#)zWrite txt at pos in canvas with specified font and color. Return text item and x-coord of right bottom corner of text's bounding box.rRswcenterrrbse)textanchorrCfont)rrr create_textrh)rr^txtalignrrYrrrrx0y0x1y1s&&&&&& r_writeTurtleScreenBase._writeQs  O OxWT;ww""1Q33/7#Fd+Tzrc aaSf&SPPVRV,4R#VV3RlpSPPVRV,WT4R#)zBind fun to mouse-click event on turtle. fun must be a function with two arguments, the coordinates of the clicked point on the canvas. num, the number of the mouse-button defaults to 1 N c<SPPVP4SP, SPP VP 4)SP , r!S!W4R#rrcanvasxrrcanvasyrrrcrrfunrs& reventfun+TurtleScreenBase._onclick..eventfunhL0<11$++=A rr tag_unbindtag_bindrrrnumaddrsf&f&& r_onclickTurtleScreenBase._onclick_sE ; GG  t]S%8 9  GG  T=3#6 Frc aaSf&SPPVRV,4R#VV3RlpSPPVRV,WT4R#)a7Bind fun to mouse-button-release event on turtle. fun must be a function with two arguments, the coordinates of the point on the canvas where mouse button is released. num, the number of the mouse-button defaults to 1 If a turtle is clicked, first _onclick-event will be performed, then _onscreensclick-event. Nzc<SPPVP4SP, SPP VP 4)SP , r!S!W4R#rrrs& rr-TurtleScreenBase._onrelease..eventfunzrrr r sf&f&& r _onreleaseTurtleScreenBase._onreleasensJ ; GG  t%?#%E F  GG  T#=#C% ,rc aaSf&SPPVRV,4R#VV3RlpSPPVRV,WT4R#)aABind fun to mouse-move-event (with pressed mouse button) on turtle. fun must be a function with two arguments, the coordinates of the actual mouse position on the canvas. num, the number of the mouse-button defaults to 1 Every sequence of mouse-move-events on a turtle is preceded by a mouse-click event on that turtle. Nzc<SPPVP4SP, SPP VP 4)SP , r!S!W4R# \dR#i;ir)rrrrrrrrrs& rr*TurtleScreenBase._ondrag..eventfunsc GGOOEGG4T[[@ GGOOEGG44T[[@I sA4A99 BBr r sf&f&& r_ondragTurtleScreenBase._ondragsG ; GG  t%83%> ?  GG  T#6#.eventfunrrrrxrO)rrr rrsff&& r_onscreenclickTurtleScreenBase._onscreenclicks= ; GGNN=3. /  GGLL,h c<S!4R#rrrcrs&rr0TurtleScreenBase._onkeyrelease..eventfunrrrrrrs&f& r _onkeyreleaseTurtleScreenBase._onkeyreleases? ; GGNN,s2D 9  GGLL*S0( ;rc 4aSfHVfVPPRR4R#VPPRV,R4R#V3RlpVfVPPRV4R#VPPRV,V4R#)zIf key is given, bind fun to key-press event of key. Otherwise bind fun to any key-press. Canvas must have focus. See method listen. Nz z c<S!4R#rrr#s&rr.TurtleScreenBase._onkeypress..eventfunr%rrr&s&f& r _onkeypressTurtleScreenBase._onkeypresssk ;{|T24d; { \84 _s2H=rc :VPP4R#)z=Set focus on canvas (in order to collect key-events) N)rr{rs&r_listenTurtleScreenBase._listens rc V^8XdVPPV4R#VPPW!4R#)z?Install a timer, which calls fun after t milliseconds. N)r after_idlerrrts&&&r_ontimerTurtleScreenBase._ontimers- 6 GG  s # GGMM! !rc >VPP^^VR7#)z0Create and return image item on canvas. image)r create_image)rr9s&&r _createimageTurtleScreenBase._createimages ww##Aq#66rc VwrEVPPWVP,V)VP,34VPP WR7R#)zJConfigure image item as to draw image object at position (x,y) on canvas) r8N)rrrr itemconfig)rrr^r9rrs&&&& r _drawimageTurtleScreenBase._drawimagesH t$++orDKK/?@A 4-rc tVPPWR7VPPV4R#)zConfigure image item as to draw image object at center of canvas. Set item to the first item in the displaylist, so it will be drawn below any other item .r8N)rr> tag_lower)rrr9s&&&r _setbgpicTurtleScreenBase._setbgpics+ 4- $rc 8VPPV4#)zAReturn 'line' or 'polygon' or 'image' depending on type of item. )rrrs&&r_typeTurtleScreenBase._typesww||D!!rc VPPV4p\^\V4^4Uu.uFq2V,W#^,,)3NK ppV#uupi)zreturns list of coordinate-pairs of points of item Example (for insiders): >>> from turtle import * >>> getscreen()._pointlist(getturtle().turtle._item) [(0.0, 9.9999999999999982), (0.0, -9.9999999999999982), (9.9999999999999982, 0.0)] >>> )rrrangelen)rrripls&& r _pointlistTurtleScreenBase._pointlistsRWW^^D !).q#b'1)= >)=A!urA#wh)= > ?s!AcBVPPWW43R7R#)rN)rrU)rsrx1sry1srx2sry2s&&&&&r_setscrollregion!TurtleScreenBase._setscrollregions T$<=rclVPP4pVFp\VPPV44p.pV'dEVR,wrxVP Wq,4VP W,4VR,pKLVPP!V.VO5!K R#):NN:rWNNN)rfind_allrrr) r xscalefactor yscalefactorrr coordinates newcoordlistrrs &&& r_rescaleTurtleScreenBase._rescales  "Dtww~~d34KL"2##A$45##A$45)"o GGNN4 /, /rc V\VP\4'gVPVP3#Yu;Jd Tu;Jdf0MM,VPPVPP3#VeWnVeW nVPP WV4R#)zQResize the canvas the turtles are drawing on. Does not alter the drawing window. N)rrr rrrcrYs&&&&r_resizeTurtleScreenBase._resizes} $''>22>>4??2 2  0b 0 077$$dgg&8&88 8  &N  !(O  iR0rc VPP4pV^8:dVPR,pVPP4pV^8:dVPR,pW3#)z:Return the width and height of the turtle window. r}r)rr\r])rr}rs& r _window_sizeTurtleScreenBase._window_sizesZ##% A:GGG$E%%' Q;WWX&F}rc NVPPP4R#)aCStarts event loop - calling Tkinter's mainloop function. No argument. Must be last statement in a turtle graphics program. Must NOT be used if a script is run from within IDLE in -n mode (No subprocess) - for interactive use of turtle graphics. Example (for a TurtleScreen instance named screen): >>> screen.mainloop() N)rtkrrs&rrTurtleScreenBase.mainloop"s  rc F\P!WVPR7#)aMPop up a dialog window for input of a string. Arguments: title is the title of the dialog window, prompt is a text mostly describing what information to input. Return the string input If the dialog is canceled, return None. Example (for a TurtleScreen instance named screen): >>> screen.textinput("NIM", "Name of first player:") )parent)r askstringr)rr*prompts&&&rr)TurtleScreenBase.textinput1s%%eDGGDDrc  J\P!WVWEVPR7#)aWPop up a dialog window for input of a number. Arguments: title is the title of the dialog window, prompt is a text mostly describing what numerical information to input. default: default value minval: minimum value for input maxval: maximum value for input The number input must be in the range minval .. maxval if these are given. If not, a hint is issued and the dialog remains open for correction. Return the number input. If the dialog is canceled, return None. Example (for a TurtleScreen instance named screen): >>> screen.numinput("Poker", "Your stakes:", 1000, minval=10, maxval=10000) ) initialvalueminvaluemaxvalueri)raskfloatr)rr*rkdefaultminvalmaxvals&&&&&&rrTurtleScreenBase.numinput@s%$$$U.4,0GG5 5r)rrrrrr)NNNFrrNr~)(rrrrrrrr>rrrrrrrrrrrrrrr'r,r/r5r;r?rCrFrMrTr]r`rcrr)rrrrs@rrrs< O (28 (. #&  G,&M*=$ <>$ "7 . " > 0 1   E55rrc]tRtRtRtRtR#)ri\zWill be raised in TurtleScreen.update, if _RUNNING becomes False. This stops execution of a turtle graphics script. Main purpose: use in the Demo-Viewer turtle.Demo.py. rNrrrrrrrrrrr\s   rc]tRtRtRtRtR#)TurtleGraphicsErroriezSome TurtleGraphics Error rNrxrrrrzrzesrrzc8a]tRtRtoRtRRltRRltRtVtR#)r ijzData structure modeling shapes. attribute _type is one of "polygon", "image", "compound" attribute _data is - depending on _type a poygon-tuple, an image or a list constructed using the addcomponent method. NcWnVR8Xd#\V\4'd \V4pM$VR8XdMVR8Xd.pM\ RV,4hW nR#)polygonr9compoundzThere is no shape type %sN)rFrrrrz_data)rtype_datas&&&rr>Shape.__init__qsQ I $%%T{ g  j D%&AE&IJ J rc VPR8wd\RVP,4hVfTpVPPWV.4R#)aAdd component to a shape of type compound. Arguments: poly is a polygon, i. e. a tuple of number pairs. fill is the fillcolor of the component, outline is the outline color of the component. call (for a Shapeobject namend s): -- s.addcomponent(((0,0), (10,10), (-10,10)), "red", "blue") Example: >>> poly = ((0,0),(10,-5),(0,10),(-10,-5)) >>> s = Shape("compound") >>> s.addcomponent(poly, "red", "blue") >>> # .. add more components and then use register_shape() r~z Cannot add component to %s ShapeN)rFrzrr)rr]rCrs&&&&r addcomponentShape.addcomponent~sP :: #%&HBF**'MN N ?G 4w/0r)rrFr) rrrrrr>rrrrs@rr r js 11rcPa]tRtRtoRtR RltR RltRtRtRt R t R t Vt R#) Tbufferiz5Ring buffer used as undobuffer for RawTurtle objects.cNWnR..V,VnRVnRVnR#)NFr)bufsizebufferptrcumulate)rrs&&rr>Tbuffer.__init__s% vh(  rNcVf.\VP4FpR.VPV&K MWnR..V,VnRVnR#)Nr)rIrrr)rrrKs&& rrc Tbuffer.resetsG ?4<<("& A)#L 6(W,DKrc.VP^8dVP'gDVP^,VP,VnWPVP&R#VPVP,P V4R#R#rN)rrrrrrs&&rpush Tbuffer.pushs_ <rcrrrrrrrs@rrrs+? 3866rrcVa]tRtRtoRtRt]R,]R,]R,3RltRtR'R lt R t R'R lt R t Rt R'RltRtRtRtR(RltR'Rlt]R4tRtRtRtRtRtRtR)RltRtR'RltR(RltR*R lt R'R!lt!R+R"lt"R#R$/R%lt#]t$]t%]t&] t']t(R&t)Vt*R #),r izProvides screen oriented methods like bgcolor etc. Only relies upon the methods of TurtleScreenBase and NOT upon components of the underlying graphics toolkit - which is Tkinter in this case. Trrrc\PW4R\RR4R\RR4R\RR4R\RR4R\RR4R\RR4R\RVP44/VnR R /VnW nW@n\R ,Vn .Vn VP4\PR 8Xd7VP4pVPR R7VPRR7R#R#)arrowr}rr5squaretrianglerrr9nopicrrdarwinT)topmostFN)rrrrr))r))rr)) )))rr))r)rr)rrrr)r)r)rr)rr)rr)rr)rr)rr)rr)rr)rWr)r)Q#@Q@)Gz. @Q@)rr)rrr)Qr)Qr)Gz. r)Q#rr)rr)rr)rr)rr)gg$)rr)rr)rr)rr))rr)rr)rr)rr))rGz)rg'@)rr)rr)rrr)rr)rr>r r_shapes_bgpics_mode _delayvaluer _colormode_keysr6sysplatformr? wm_attributes)rrrrr rootwindows&&&&& rr>TurtleScreen.__init__s !!$+U9.GHU9/&' U9/HI U9/)*U9/+,U9.KLU7D,<,<,>?% * "~   {+  <<8 #**,J  $ $T $ 2  $ $U $ 3 $rc \R,Vn\R,VnVPR4VP R4VnRVn^Vn^Vn.Vn VPR4R FpVPRV4K VPR4VPR,F'pVPRV4VPRV4K) R\nR#) a9Delete all drawings and all turtles from the TurtleScreen. No argument. Reset empty TurtleScreen to its initial state: white background, no backgroundimage, no eventbindings and tracing on. Example (for a TurtleScreen instance named screen): >>> screen.clear() Note: this method is not available as function. rrallrrr(NNNN)rrW)rrrrr;_bgpic _bgpicname_tracing_updatecounter_turtlesrrTrrrr _pen)rbtnrs& rr6TurtleScreen.clears ={+ U''+ !   WC LLs # ::a==C JJtS ! OOD# &! rNc Vf VP#VP4pVR9d\RV,4hWnVR9diVPVP)^,VP )^,VP^,VP ^,4R;VnVnVP4R#)aSet turtle-mode ('standard', 'logo' or 'world') and perform reset. Optional argument: mode -- one of the strings 'standard', 'logo' or 'world' Mode 'standard' is compatible with turtle.py. Mode 'logo' is compatible with most Logo-Turtle-Graphics. Mode 'world' uses userdefined 'worldcoordinates'. *Attention*: in this mode angles appear distorted if x/y unit-ratio doesn't equal 1. If mode is not given, return the current mode. Mode Initial turtle heading positive angles ------------|-------------------------|------------------- 'standard' to the right (east) counterclockwise 'logo' upward (north) clockwise Examples: >>> mode('logo') # resets turtle heading to north >>> mode() 'logo' NzNo turtle-graphics-mode %srrlogoworld)rr) rlowerrzrTrrrrrcrrs&&rrTurtleScreen.mode s, <:: zz| 4 4%&BT&IJ J ' '  ! !4>>/1"4t6F6I'+~~q'8$//1:L N(+ +DK$+ rc VP4R8wdVPR4\W1, 4p\WB, 4pVP4wrxVPV^, V^, 4VPVP rVP V, VnVPV, VnWP,p V)VP ,p VP V ,p VPV ,pVPWW4VPVPV , VP V , 4VP4R#)aSet up a user defined coordinate-system. Arguments: llx -- a number, x-coordinate of lower left corner of canvas lly -- a number, y-coordinate of lower left corner of canvas urx -- a number, x-coordinate of upper right corner of canvas ury -- a number, y-coordinate of upper right corner of canvas Set up user coodinat-system and switch to mode 'world' if necessary. This performs a screen.reset. If mode 'world' is already active, all drawings are redrawn according to the new coordinates. But ATTENTION: in user-defined coordinatesystems angles may appear distorted. (see Screen.mode()) Example (for a TurtleScreen instance named screen): >>> screen.setworldcoordinates(-10,-0.5,50,1.5) >>> for _ in range(36): ... left(10) ... forward(0.5) rN) rrrcr%rrrrrTr]r-)rllxllyurxuryxspanyspanwxwy oldxscale oldyscalerPrQrRrSs&&&&& rr( TurtleScreen.setworldcoordinates-s, 99;' ! IIg ci ci ""$ 2r"u%#{{DKK9nnu, oo- [[ tdkk!~~$% d$5 dkk)+T[[-BC rc Vf\RVPV44pMT\V\4'd\RVPV44pM"\V\4'd \RV4pW P V&R#)a:Adds a turtle shape to TurtleScreen's shapelist. Arguments: (1) name is the name of an image file (PNG, GIF, PGM, and PPM) and shape is None. Installs the corresponding image shape. !! Image-shapes DO NOT rotate when turning the turtle, !! so they do not display the heading of the turtle! (2) name is an arbitrary string and shape is the name of an image file (PNG, GIF, PGM, and PPM). Installs the corresponding image shape. !! Image-shapes DO NOT rotate when turning the turtle, !! so they do not display the heading of the turtle! (3) name is an arbitrary string and shape is a tuple of pairs of coordinates. Installs the corresponding polygon shape (4) name is an arbitrary string and shape is a (compound) Shape object. Installs the corresponding compound shape. To use a shape, you have to issue the command shape(shapename). call: register_shape("turtle.gif") --or: register_shape("tri", ((0,0), (10,10), (-10,10))) Example (for a TurtleScreen instance named screen): >>> screen.register_shape("triangle", ((5,-3),(0,5),(-5,-3))) Nr9r})r rrrrr)rnamerms&&&rr#TurtleScreen.register_shapeTse6 ='4;;t#45E s # #'4;;u#56E u % %)U+E" Trc r\V4^8Xd V^,p\V\4'd<VPV4'gVR8XdV#\ R\V4,4hVwr#pTPR8Xd(Y#T3Uu.uFp\RT,4NK upwr#p^Tu;8:d^8:d'MM#^Tu;8:d^8:dMM^Tu;8:d^8:gM\ R\T4,4hRY#T3,# \ \ 3d\ R\T4,4hi;iuupi)zReturn color string corresponding to args. Argument may be a string or a tuple of three numbers corresponding to actual colormode, i.e. in the range 0<=n<=colormode. If the argument doesn't represent a color, an error is raised. rzbad color string: %sbad color arguments: %sro@bad color sequence: %s #%02x%02x%02x) rJrrrrz TypeErrorrrround)rr:rgbrs&& r _colorstrTurtleScreen._colorstrxs  u:?!HE eS ! !""5))Ub[ )*@3u:*MNN NGA! ??c !01ay9y!uU1W~y9GA!a3Q!]s]a3%&>U&KL L!** :& N%&?#e*&LM M N:s,DD4-D1c aVPR4'gV#\V4^8Xd&RUu.uFp\WV^,^4NK ppMR\V4^8Xd1VR,Uu.uFp^\W,^4,NK ppM\RV,4h\;QJd.V3RlV4FNK 5#!V3RlV44#uupiuupi)rrNNzbad colorstring: %sc3V<"TFqSP,^, xK R#5i)N)r).0rrs& r &TurtleScreen._color..s 9b(,,bs&))rrr)rrJrrzr)rcstrrKrrsf& r_colorTurtleScreen._colorss##K t9>09: 1#dQqSk2& B:B Y!^/3Bx8x!"S"%%%xB8B%&;d&BC Cu9b9u9u9b999 ;8s C+"Cc Vf VP#VR8Xd\V4VnR#V^8Xd\V4VnR#R#)a)Return the colormode or set it to 1.0 or 255. Optional argument: cmode -- one of the values 1.0 or 255 r, g, b values of colortriples have to be in range 0..cmode. Example (for a TurtleScreen instance named screen): >>> screen.colormode() 1.0 >>> screen.colormode(255) >>> pencolor(240,160,80) Nr)rrr)rcmodes&&rrTurtleScreen.colormodes< =?? " C<#ElDO c\!%jDOrc VPF.pVPVP4VP4K0 R#)zReset all Turtles on the Screen to their initial state. No argument. Example (for a TurtleScreen instance named screen): >>> screen.reset() N)r_setmoderrc)rrs& rrcTurtleScreen.resets+mmF OODJJ ' LLN$rc VP#)zReturn the list of turtles on the screen. Example (for a TurtleScreen instance named screen): >>> screen.turtles() [] )rrs&rr,TurtleScreen.turtless}}rc V'dVPV4pMRpVPV4pVeVPV4pV#)aSet or return backgroundcolor of the TurtleScreen. Four input formats are allowed: - bgcolor() Return the current background color as color specification string or as a tuple (see example). May be used as input to another color/pencolor/fillcolor/bgcolor call. - bgcolor(colorstring) Set the background color to colorstring, which is a Tk color specification string, such as "red", "yellow", or "#33cc8c". - bgcolor((r, g, b)) Set the background color to the RGB color represented by the tuple of r, g, and b. Each of r, g, and b must be in the range 0..colormode, where colormode is either 1.0 or 255 (see colormode()). - bgcolor(r, g, b) Set the background color to the RGB color represented by r, g, and b. Each of r, g, and b must be in the range 0..colormode. Example (for a TurtleScreen instance named screen): >>> screen.bgcolor("orange") >>> screen.bgcolor() 'orange' >>> colormode(255) >>> screen.bgcolor('#800080') >>> screen.bgcolor() (128.0, 0.0, 128.0) N)rrrrrjr:s&* rrTurtleScreen.bgcolorsA< NN4(EE e$  KK&E rc Vf VP#\V4Vn^VnVe\V4VnVP'dVP 4R#R#)aTurns turtle animation on/off and set delay for update drawings. Optional arguments: n -- nonnegative integer delay -- nonnegative integer If n is given, only each n-th regular screen update is really performed. (Can be used to accelerate the drawing of complex graphics.) Second arguments sets delay value (see RawTurtle.delay()) Example (for a TurtleScreen instance named screen): >>> screen.tracer(8, 25) >>> dist = 2 >>> for i in range(200): ... fd(dist) ... rt(90) ... dist += 2 N)rrrrr-)rnrs&&&rr+TurtleScreen.tracersO& 9== A   "5zD  === KKM rc FVf VP#\V4VnR#)zReturn or set the drawing delay in milliseconds. Optional argument: delay -- positive integer Example (for a TurtleScreen instance named screen): >>> screen.delay(15) >>> screen.delay() 15 N)rrrs&&rrTurtleScreen.delay s! =## #u:rc# "VP4pVP^4RxVPV4R# TPT4i;i5i)a[Temporarily turn off auto-updating the screen. This is useful for drawing complex shapes where even the fastest setting is too slow. Once this context manager is exited, the drawing will be displayed. Example (for a TurtleScreen instance named screen and a Turtle instance named turtle): >>> with screen.no_animation(): ... turtle.circle(50) N)r+)rr+s& rrTurtleScreen.no_animations= KKN  KK DKK sA<AAAc \P'gR\n\hVP^8d?V;P^, unV;PVP,unR#R#)zIncrement update counter.TN)r _RUNNINGrrrrs&r _incrementudcTurtleScreen._incrementudc.sS$$$$(L !  ==1    1 $    4== 0  rc VPpRVnVP4F#pVP4VP4K% WnVP 4R#)z'Perform a TurtleScreen update. TN)rr, _update_data _drawturtler)rtracingr4s& rr-TurtleScreen.update7sG-- A NN  MMO   rc 0VP4^,#)zzReturn the width of the turtle window. Example (for a TurtleScreen instance named screen): >>> screen.window_width() 640 rcrs&rr/TurtleScreen.window_widthB  "1%%rc 0VP4^,#)z|Return the height of the turtle window. Example (for a TurtleScreen instance named screen): >>> screen.window_height() 480 r$rs&rr.TurtleScreen.window_heightKr&rc VP#)zReturn the Canvas of this TurtleScreen. No argument. Example (for a Screen instance named screen): >>> cv = screen.getcanvas() >>> cv )rrs&rrTurtleScreen.getcanvasTs wwrc H\VPP44#)zReturn a list of names of all currently available turtle shapes. No argument. Example (for a TurtleScreen instance named screen): >>> screen.getshapes() ['arrow', 'blank', 'circle', ... , 'turtle'] )sortedrrrs&rrTurtleScreen.getshapes`sdll'')**rc *VPWV4R#)aBind fun to mouse-click event on canvas. Arguments: fun -- a function with two arguments, the coordinates of the clicked point on the canvas. btn -- the number of the mouse-button, defaults to 1 Example (for a TurtleScreen instance named screen) >>> screen.onclick(goto) >>> # Subsequently clicking into the TurtleScreen will >>> # make the turtle move to the clicked point. >>> screen.onclick(None) N)rrrrrs&&&&rrTTurtleScreen.onclickks Cc*rc Vf-W P9dVPPV4M+W P9dVPPV4VPW4R#)aBind fun to key-release event of key. Arguments: fun -- a function with no arguments key -- a string: key (e.g. "a") or key-symbol (e.g. "space") In order to be able to register key-events, TurtleScreen must have focus. (See method listen.) Example (for a TurtleScreen instance named screen): >>> def f(): ... fd(50) ... lt(60) ... >>> screen.onkey(f, "Up") >>> screen.listen() Subsequently the turtle can be moved by repeatedly pressing the up-arrow key, consequently drawing a hexagon N)rremoverr'rrrs&&&rrTurtleScreen.onkey|sP. ;jj  !!#&  " JJ  c " 3$rc Vf-W P9dVPPV4M/Ve,W P9dVPPV4VPW4R#)aBind fun to key-press event of key if key is given, or to any key-press-event if no key is given. Arguments: fun -- a function with no arguments key -- a string: key (e.g. "a") or key-symbol (e.g. "space") In order to be able to register key-events, TurtleScreen must have focus. (See method listen.) Example (for a TurtleScreen instance named screen and a Turtle instance named turtle): >>> def f(): ... fd(50) ... lt(60) ... >>> screen.onkeypress(f, "Up") >>> screen.listen() Subsequently the turtle can be moved by repeatedly pressing the up-arrow key, or by keeping pressed the up-arrow key. consequently drawing a hexagon. N)rr2rr,r3s&&&rrTurtleScreen.onkeypresssT2 ;jj  !!#& _JJ!6 JJ  c " "rc &VP4R#)zSet focus on TurtleScreen (in order to collect key-events) No arguments. Dummy arguments are provided in order to be able to pass listen to the onclick method. Example (for a TurtleScreen instance named screen): >>> screen.listen() N)r/)rxdummyydummys&&&rrTurtleScreen.listens  rc (VPW4R#)aInstall a timer, which calls fun after t milliseconds. Arguments: fun -- a function with no arguments. t -- a number >= 0 Example (for a TurtleScreen instance named screen): >>> running = True >>> def f(): ... if running: ... fd(50) ... lt(60) ... screen.ontimer(f, 250) ... >>> f() # makes the turtle marching around >>> running = False N)r5r3s&&&rr"TurtleScreen.ontimers& crc Vf VP#WP9dVPV4VPV&VPVPVPV,4WnR#)aSet background image or return name of current backgroundimage. Optional argument: picname -- a string, name of an image file (PNG, GIF, PGM, and PPM) or "nopic". If picname is a filename, set the corresponding image as background. If picname is "nopic", delete backgroundimage, if present. If picname is None, return the filename of the current backgroundimage. Example (for a TurtleScreen instance named screen): >>> screen.bgpic() 'nopic' >>> screen.bgpic("landscape.gif") >>> screen.bgpic() 'landscape.gif' N)rrrrCr)rpicnames&&rrTurtleScreen.bgpicsT" ??? " ,, &$(KK$8DLL ! t{{DLL$9:!rc &VPWV4#)avResize the canvas the turtles are drawing on. Optional arguments: canvwidth -- positive integer, new width of canvas in pixels canvheight -- positive integer, new height of canvas in pixels bg -- colorstring or color-tuple, new backgroundcolor If no arguments are given, return current (canvaswidth, canvasheight) Do not alter the drawing window. To observe hidden parts of the canvas use the scrollbars. (Can make visible those parts of a drawing, which were outside the canvas before!) Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle): >>> turtle.screensize(2000,1500) >>> # e.g. to search for an erroneously escaped turtle ;-) )r`rYs&&&&rr%TurtleScreen.screensizes"||I266r overwriteFc \V4pVPP4'g\RVP R24hV'g&VP4'd\ RV R24hVP ;pR9d\ RV R24hVPP4pVPV4R#) aDSave the drawing as a PostScript file Arguments: filename -- a string, the path of the created file. Must end with '.ps' or '.eps'. Optional arguments: overwrite -- boolean, if true, then existing files will be overwritten Example (for a TurtleScreen instance named screen): >>> screen.save('my_drawing.eps') zThe directory 'z$' does not exist. Cannot save to it.z The file 'zY' already exists. To overwrite it use the 'overwrite=True' argument of the save function.zUnknown file extension: 'z!', must be one of {'.ps', '.eps'}N>.ps.eps) rriexistsFileNotFoundErrorFileExistsErrorsuffixrr postscript write_text)rrrBextrJs&&$ rr&TurtleScreen.saves>%%''#!(//!23&& X__..!XJ'GG ?? "C? :+C5133  WW'') J'r) rrrrrrrrrrrrrrNNrvrr~)+rrrrrrrr>r6rr(r#rrrrcr,rr+rrrrr-r/r.rrrTrrrr"rr%r&r!r$rrr rrrs@rr r s H $V  ,DM&4P< D%N"#H+6 :)* %N8 &  &1 &&  ++"%<#@ *"07&(%(BMKKHLrc ~a]tRtRtoRtR]!RR4R]!RR4R]!RR4/tRt^t^t ]3Rlt R t R*R lt R t R+R ltRtRtRtRtR,RR/V3RlRllltRtRtRtRtRtRtRtR*RltRtRtR tR*R!ltR*R"lt R#t!R$t"R,R%lt#R-R&lt$R,R'lt%R*R(lt&]t']t(]t)]t*]t+]t,]t-]t.]"t/R)t0Vt1R #). TNavigatori-zJNavigation part of the RawTurtle. Implements methods for turtle movement. rrrrcVPVnVPVnWnRVnVP 4RVnVPV4\PV4R#r) DEFAULT_ANGLEOFFSET _angleOffsetDEFAULT_ANGLEORIENT _angleOrientr undobufferr;r rPrcrs&&rr>TNavigator.__init__9sT 44 44    drc t\RR4Vn\PVP,VnR#)zHreset turtle to its initial values Will be overwritten by parent class rQN)r _positionrPSTART_ORIENTATIONr_orientrs&rrcTNavigator.resetCs' sC"44TZZ@ rNc Vf VP#VR9dR#WnVR9d^Vn^VnR#VPR, VnRVnR#)z:Set turtle-mode to 'standard', 'world' or 'logo'. N@r)rrr)rrTrV _fullcirclers&&rr TNavigator._setmodeKsX <::  4 4  ( ( !D  !D  $ 0 0 3D  "D rc ~WnRV, VnVPR8Xd ^VnR#VR, VnR#)z+Helper function for degrees() and radians()ihrr_N)r` _degreesPerAUrrTr fullcircles&&r_setDegreesPerAUTNavigator._setDegreesPerAUZs4% ^ :: # !D  *2 D rc (VPV4R#)aSet angle measurement units to degrees. Optional argument: fullcircle - a number Set angle measurement units, i. e. set number of 'degrees' for a full circle. Default value is 360 degrees. Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle): >>> turtle.left(90) >>> turtle.heading() 90 Change angle measurement unit to grad (also known as gon, grade, or gradian and equals 1/100-th of the right angle.) >>> turtle.degrees(400.0) >>> turtle.heading() 100 N)rfrds&&rr;TNavigator.degreescs, j)rc DVP\P4R#)zSet the angle measurement units to radians. No arguments. Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle): >>> turtle.heading() 90 >>> turtle.radians() >>> turtle.heading() 1.5707963267948966 N)rfrtaurs&rraTNavigator.radians{s dhh'rc pVPVPV,,pVPV4R#)z)move turtle forward by specified distanceN)rZr\_goto)rr<endes&& r_goTNavigator._gos%~~ x 77 4rc jWP,pVPPV4VnR#)z=Turn turtle counterclockwise by specified angle if angle > 0.N)rcr\rrrs&&r_rotateTNavigator._rotates& ###||**51 rc WnR#)zmove turtle to position end.NrZ)rends&&rrnTNavigator._gotosrfill_gapFc$<V^8dQhRS[RR/#rWrzreturnNbool)formatrs"r __annotate__TNavigator.__annotate__s--D-T-rc VeTMVP^,pVeTMVP^,p\WE4VnR#)zHTo be overwritten by child class RawTurtle. Includes no TPen references.N)rZr)rrrrznew_xnew_ys&&&$ rruTNavigator.teleports8]q(9]q(9u,rc (VPV4R#)aMove the turtle forward by the specified distance. Aliases: forward | fd Argument: distance -- a number (integer or float) Move the turtle forward by the specified distance, in the direction the turtle is headed. Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle): >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.forward(25) >>> turtle.position() (25.00,0.00) >>> turtle.forward(-75) >>> turtle.position() (-50.00,0.00) Nrprr<s&&rrETNavigator.forwards* rc *VPV)4R#)amMove the turtle backward by distance. Aliases: back | backward | bk Argument: distance -- a number Move the turtle backward by distance, opposite to the direction the turtle is headed. Do not change the turtle's heading. Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle): >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.backward(30) >>> turtle.position() (-30.00,0.00) Nrrs&&rr0TNavigator.backs$ (rc *VPV)4R#)aTurn turtle right by angle units. Aliases: right | rt Argument: angle -- a number (integer or float) Turn turtle right by angle units. (Units are by default degrees, but can be set via the degrees() and radians() functions.) Angle orientation depends on mode. (See this.) Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle): >>> turtle.heading() 22.0 >>> turtle.right(45) >>> turtle.heading() 337.0 Nrtrss&&rrbTNavigator.rights& eVrc (VPV4R#)aTurn turtle left by angle units. Aliases: left | lt Argument: angle -- a number (integer or float) Turn turtle left by angle units. (Units are by default degrees, but can be set via the degrees() and radians() functions.) Angle orientation depends on mode. (See this.) Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle): >>> turtle.heading() 22.0 >>> turtle.left(45) >>> turtle.heading() 67.0 Nrrss&&rrRTNavigator.lefts& Urc VP#)zReturn the turtle's current location (x,y), as a Vec2D-vector. Aliases: pos | position No arguments. Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle): >>> turtle.pos() (0.00, 240.00) rwrs&rr^TNavigator.poss~~rc (VP^,#)zReturn the turtle's x coordinate. No arguments. Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle): >>> reset() >>> turtle.left(60) >>> turtle.forward(100) >>> print(turtle.xcor()) 50.0 rwrs&rrTNavigator.xcor~~a  rc (VP^,#)zReturn the turtle's y coordinate --- No arguments. Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle): >>> reset() >>> turtle.left(60) >>> turtle.forward(100) >>> print(turtle.ycor()) 86.6025403784 rwrs&rrTNavigator.ycorrrc vVfVP\V!4R#VP\W44R#)aMove turtle to an absolute position. Aliases: setpos | setposition | goto: Arguments: x -- a number or a pair/vector of numbers y -- a number None call: goto(x, y) # two coordinates --or: goto((x, y)) # a pair (tuple) of coordinates --or: goto(vec) # e.g. as returned by pos() Move turtle to an absolute position. If the pen is down, a line will be drawn. The turtle's orientation does not change. Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle): >>> tp = turtle.pos() >>> tp (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.setpos(60,30) >>> turtle.pos() (60.00,30.00) >>> turtle.setpos((20,80)) >>> turtle.pos() (20.00,80.00) >>> turtle.setpos(tp) >>> turtle.pos() (0.00,0.00) N)rnr)rrrs&&&rrKTNavigator.gotos)< 9 JJuay ! JJuQ{ #rc LVP^^4VP^4R#)zMove turtle to the origin - coordinates (0,0). No arguments. Move turtle to the origin - coordinates (0,0) and set its heading to its start-orientation (which depends on mode). Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle): >>> turtle.home() N)rKrgrs&rrNTNavigator.home@s !Q rc \VP\WP^,44R#)a-Set the turtle's first coordinate to x Argument: x -- a number (integer or float) Set the turtle's first coordinate to x, leave second coordinate unchanged. Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle): >>> turtle.position() (0.00, 240.00) >>> turtle.setx(10) >>> turtle.position() (10.00, 240.00) NrnrrZ)rrs&&rrkTNavigator.setxNs 5NN1-./rc ^VP\VP^,V44R#)a/Set the turtle's second coordinate to y Argument: y -- a number (integer or float) Set the turtle's first coordinate to x, second coordinate remains unchanged. Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle): >>> turtle.position() (0.00, 40.00) >>> turtle.sety(-10) >>> turtle.position() (0.00, -10.00) Nr)rrs&&rrlTNavigator.sety`s 5*A./rc Ve \W4p\V\4'dTpMB\V\4'd \V!pM"\V\4'd VPp\ XVP, 4#)abReturn the distance from the turtle to (x,y) in turtle step units. Arguments: x -- a number or a pair/vector of numbers or a turtle instance y -- a number None None call: distance(x, y) # two coordinates --or: distance((x, y)) # a pair (tuple) of coordinates --or: distance(vec) # e.g. as returned by pos() --or: distance(mypen) # where mypen is another turtle Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle): >>> turtle.pos() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.distance(30,40) 50.0 >>> pen = Turtle() >>> pen.forward(77) >>> turtle.distance(pen) 77.0 )rrrrPrZabs)rrrr^s&&& rr<TNavigator.distancersd, =+C a  C 5 ! !)C : & &++C3'((rc Ve \W4p\V\4'dTpMB\V\4'd \V!pM"\V\4'd VPpXVP, wr\ \ P!\ P!W!44^ 4R,pW@P,pVPVPV,,VP,#)aReturn the angle of the line from the turtle's position to (x, y). Arguments: x -- a number or a pair/vector of numbers or a turtle instance y -- a number None None call: distance(x, y) # two coordinates --or: distance((x, y)) # a pair (tuple) of coordinates --or: distance(vec) # e.g. as returned by pos() --or: distance(mypen) # where mypen is another turtle Return the angle, between the line from turtle-position to position specified by x, y and the turtle's start orientation. (Depends on modes - "standard" or "logo") Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle): >>> turtle.pos() (10.00, 10.00) >>> turtle.towards(0,0) 225.0 v@) rrrrPrZrrr;atan2rcrTrVr`)rrrr^results&&& rrxTNavigator.towardss, =+C a  C 5 ! !)C : & &++CT^^#t||DJJq$45r:UB$$$!!D$5$5f$<<@P@PPPrc "VPwr\\P!\P!W!44^ 4R,pW0P ,pVP VPV,,VP,#)zReturn the turtle's current heading. No arguments. Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle): >>> turtle.left(67) >>> turtle.heading() 67.0 r) r\rrr;rrcrTrVr`)rrrrs& rrLTNavigator.headingsg||t||DJJq$45r:UB$$$!!D$5$5f$<<@P@PPPrc WP4, VP,pVPpW#R, ,V,VR, , pVPV4R#)aSet the orientation of the turtle to to_angle. Aliases: setheading | seth Argument: to_angle -- a number (integer or float) Set the orientation of the turtle to to_angle. Here are some common directions in degrees: standard - mode: logo-mode: -------------------|-------------------- 0 - east 0 - north 90 - north 90 - east 180 - west 180 - south 270 - south 270 - west Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle): >>> turtle.setheading(90) >>> turtle.heading() 90 @N)rLrVr`rt)rto_anglerfulls&& rrgTNavigator.setheadingsM.LLN*D,=,==Bw$tBw. Urc  ~VP'd.VPPR.4RVPnVP4pVf VPpVfW\ V4VP, p^\ \^ \ V4R, ,R4V,4,pRV,V, pRV,pRV,\P!\P!V4VP,4,pV^8d V)V)V)rvpVP4p VP4p V^8XdVP^^4MVP^4VPV4\V4FGp VPV4VP!V4VP^4VPV4KI VPV)4V^8XdVPW4VPV4VP'dR VPnR#R#) a2Draw a circle with given radius. Arguments: radius -- a number extent (optional) -- a number steps (optional) -- an integer Draw a circle with given radius. The center is radius units left of the turtle; extent - an angle - determines which part of the circle is drawn. If extent is not given, draw the entire circle. If extent is not a full circle, one endpoint of the arc is the current pen position. Draw the arc in counterclockwise direction if radius is positive, otherwise in clockwise direction. Finally the direction of the turtle is changed by the amount of extent. As the circle is approximated by an inscribed regular polygon, steps determines the number of steps to use. If not given, it will be calculated automatically. Maybe used to draw regular polygons. call: circle(radius) # full circle --or: circle(radius, extent) # arc --or: circle(radius, extent, steps) --or: circle(radius, steps=6) # 6-sided polygon Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle): >>> turtle.circle(50) >>> turtle.circle(120, 180) # semicircle seqTNg@gM@rrrF)rWrrrrr`rrminrrrarc_tracerrrtrIrp) rradiusextentstepsrrfracrw2ltrdlrKs &&&& rr5TNavigator.circles< ??? OO % )'+DOO $  >%%F =v;t///Dc#bVS0$7<==E &L5  1W &L488DLL$4T5G5G$GH H A:rA2s"A \\^ [[] A: LLA  JJqM RuA JJu  HHQK JJqM LLO  bS A: LL  5 ???',DOO $ rc R#z/dummy method - to be overwritten by child classNr)rrs&&rrrTNavigator.speed!rc R#rr)rars&&&rrTNavigator._tracer#rrc R#rr)rrs&&rrTNavigator._delay%rr)rTrVrcr`rr\rZrWr)rrNr)2rrrrrrr[ DEFAULT_MODErSrUr>rcr rfr;rarprtrnrurEr0rbrRr^rrrKrNrkrlr<rxrLrgr5rrrrrAr4r1rerSr_rhrirfrrrs@rrPrP-s E#sOE#sOE#sO'L(A #.*0 ( 2 -5--.(**  ! !!$F 0$0$)@!QF Q8=-B>>> B BH B BH FK DrrPc a]tRtRtoRt]R,3Rlt]R,]R,3RltRR ltRR lt R t R t R t RRlt RtRtRtR RR/V3RlRllltRtRtRtRRltR!RltR"RltRtRt] t] t] t] t] t]t]t Rt!Vt"R#)#TPeni3z>Drawing part of the RawTurtle. Implements drawing properties. rdcJWnRVn\PV4R#r) _resizemoderWr_reset)rrds&&rr> TPen.__init__7s% DrrYrBc^VnRVnWnW nRVn^VnRVnRVnRVnRVn ^Vn R#)rTrQN)rr)rrQrQr) _pensize_shown _pencolor _fillcolor_drawing_speed_stretchfactor _shearfactor_tilt _shapetrafo _outlinewidth)rrYrBs&&&rr TPen._reset<sO  !#  & +rNc |Vf VP#VP4pVR9dVPVR7R#R#)aSet resizemode to one of the values: "auto", "user", "noresize". (Optional) Argument: rmode -- one of the strings "auto", "user", "noresize" Different resizemodes have the following effects: - "auto" adapts the appearance of the turtle corresponding to the value of pensize. - "user" adapts the appearance of the turtle according to the values of stretchfactor and outlinewidth (outline), which are set by shapesize() - "noresize" no adaption of the turtle's appearance takes place. If no argument is given, return current resizemode. resizemode("user") is called by a call of shapesize with arguments. Examples (for a Turtle instance named turtle): >>> turtle.resizemode("noresize") >>> turtle.resizemode() 'noresize' Nrd)autouserr)rrrX)rrmodes&&rrdTPen.resizemodeJs<, =## #  0 0 HHH & 1rc JVf VP#VPVR7R#)aSet or return the line thickness. Aliases: pensize | width Argument: width -- positive number Set the line thickness to width or return it. If resizemode is set to "auto" and turtleshape is a polygon, that polygon is drawn with the same line thickness. If no argument is given, current pensize is returned. Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle): >>> turtle.pensize() 1 >>> turtle.pensize(10) # from here on lines of width 10 are drawn N)r[)rrX)rr}s&&rr[ TPen.pensizefs!$ ===  rc RVP'gR#VPRR7R#)zPull the pen up -- no drawing when moving. Aliases: penup | pu | up No argument Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle): >>> turtle.penup() NFrZrrXrs&rr\ TPen.penup}s}}}  rc RVP'dR#VPRR7R#)zPull the pen down -- drawing when moving. Aliases: pendown | pd | down No argument. Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle): >>> turtle.pendown() NTrrrs&rrZ TPen.pendowns ===  rc VP#)zReturn True if pen is down, False if it's up. No argument. Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle): >>> turtle.penup() >>> turtle.isdown() False >>> turtle.pendown() >>> turtle.isdown() True )rrs&rrP TPen.isdowns}}rc  R^R^ R^R^R^/pVf VP#W9d W!,pM)RTu;8dR8dMM\\V44pM^pVPVR 7R#) aReturn or set the turtle's speed. Optional argument: speed -- an integer in the range 0..10 or a speedstring (see below) Set the turtle's speed to an integer value in the range 0 .. 10. If no argument is given: return current speed. If input is a number greater than 10 or smaller than 0.5, speed is set to 0. Speedstrings are mapped to speedvalues in the following way: 'fastest' : 0 'fast' : 10 'normal' : 6 'slow' : 3 'slowest' : 1 speeds from 1 to 10 enforce increasingly faster animation of line drawing and turtle turning. Attention: speed = 0 : *no* animation takes place. forward/back makes turtle jump and likewise left/right make the turtle turn instantly. Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle): >>> turtle.speed(3) fastestfastnormalslowslowestNrg%@)rr)rrrrX)rrrspeedss&& rrr TPen.speedsg6Avb(1fQ !M =;;  ?ME 5 4 e %EE urc PV'dj\V4pV^8Xd V^,;r4MV^8XdVwr4M V^8XdT;r4VPX4pVPX4pVPW4R7R#VPVP4VPVP 43#)aReturn or set the pencolor and fillcolor. Arguments: Several input formats are allowed. They use 0 to 3 arguments as follows: - color() Return the current pencolor and the current fillcolor as a pair of color specification strings or tuples as returned by pencolor() and fillcolor(). - color(colorstring), color((r,g,b)), color(r,g,b) Inputs as in pencolor(), set both, fillcolor and pencolor, to the given value. - color(colorstring1, colorstring2), color((r1,g1,b1), (r2,g2,b2)) Equivalent to pencolor(colorstring1) and fillcolor(colorstring2) and analogously if the other input format is used. If turtleshape is a polygon, outline and interior of that polygon is drawn with the newly set colors. For more info see: pencolor, fillcolor Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle): >>> turtle.color('red', 'green') >>> turtle.color() ('red', 'green') >>> colormode(255) >>> color(('#285078', '#a0c8f0')) >>> color() ((40.0, 80.0, 120.0), (160.0, 200.0, 240.0)) )rYrBN)rJrrXrrr)rrjrpcolorfcolors&* rr: TPen.colors< D AAv"&q')a!%a"&&^^F+F^^F+F HHfH 7;;t~~. DOO0LL Lrc V'd8VPV4pW P8XdR#VPVR7R#VPVP4#)a'Return or set the pencolor. Arguments: Four input formats are allowed: - pencolor() Return the current pencolor as color specification string or as a tuple (see example). May be used as input to another color/pencolor/fillcolor/bgcolor call. - pencolor(colorstring) Set pencolor to colorstring, which is a Tk color specification string, such as "red", "yellow", or "#33cc8c". - pencolor((r, g, b)) Set pencolor to the RGB color represented by the tuple of r, g, and b. Each of r, g, and b must be in the range 0..colormode, where colormode is either 1.0 or 255 (see colormode()). - pencolor(r, g, b) Set pencolor to the RGB color represented by r, g, and b. Each of r, g, and b must be in the range 0..colormode. If turtleshape is a polygon, the outline of that polygon is drawn with the newly set pencolor. Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle): >>> turtle.pencolor('brown') >>> turtle.pencolor() 'brown' >>> colormode(255) >>> turtle.pencolor('#32c18f') >>> turtle.pencolor() (50.0, 193.0, 143.0) N)rY)rrrXrrs&* rrY TPen.pencolorsDB NN4(E& HHeH $;;t~~. .rc V'd8VPV4pW P8XdR#VPVR7R#VPVP4#)aEReturn or set the fillcolor. Arguments: Four input formats are allowed: - fillcolor() Return the current fillcolor as color specification string, possibly in tuple format (see example). May be used as input to another color/pencolor/fillcolor/bgcolor call. - fillcolor(colorstring) Set fillcolor to colorstring, which is a Tk color specification string, such as "red", "yellow", or "#33cc8c". - fillcolor((r, g, b)) Set fillcolor to the RGB color represented by the tuple of r, g, and b. Each of r, g, and b must be in the range 0..colormode, where colormode is either 1.0 or 255 (see colormode()). - fillcolor(r, g, b) Set fillcolor to the RGB color represented by r, g, and b. Each of r, g, and b must be in the range 0..colormode. If turtleshape is a polygon, the interior of that polygon is drawn with the newly set fillcolor. Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle): >>> turtle.fillcolor('violet') >>> turtle.fillcolor() 'violet' >>> colormode(255) >>> turtle.fillcolor('#ffffff') >>> turtle.fillcolor() (255.0, 255.0, 255.0) N)rB)rrrXrrs&* rrBTPen.fillcolor# sDB NN4(E' HHuH %;;t/ /rrzFc$<V^8dQhRS[RR/#r|r~)rrs"rrTPen.__annotate__L s""D"T"rc ~VP4pV'dVPRR7VPVR7R#)zOTo be overwritten by child class RawTurtle. Includes no TNavigator references. FrN)rPrX)rrrrzrZs&&&$ rru TPen.teleportL s.++-  HHUH # !rc *VPRR7R#)zMakes the turtle visible. Aliases: showturtle | st No argument. Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle): >>> turtle.hideturtle() >>> turtle.showturtle() TshownNrXrs&rrqTPen.showturtleU s trc *VPRR7R#)aMakes the turtle invisible. Aliases: hideturtle | ht No argument. It's a good idea to do this while you're in the middle of a complicated drawing, because hiding the turtle speeds up the drawing observably. Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle): >>> turtle.hideturtle() FrNrrs&rrMTPen.hideturtleb s urc VP#)zReturn True if the Turtle is shown, False if it's hidden. No argument. Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle): >>> turtle.hideturtle() >>> print(turtle.isvisible()) False )rrs&rrQTPen.isvisibler s{{rc ~RVPRVPRVPRVPRVPRVP RVP RVPR VPR VPR VP/ pV'g V'gV#\V\4'dTpM/pVPV4/pVF pW6,WV&K VP'dVPPR V34R pRV9dVPVR,8wdRpRV9dT\VR,\ 4'dVP#VR,34VR&VPVR,8wdRpRV9dVPVR,8wdRpV'dVP%4RV9dVR,VnRV9dVR,VnRV9dVR,VnRV9dH\VR,\ 4'dVP#VR,34VR&VR,VnRV9dVR,VnRV9dVR,VnRV9d/VR,p\V\&\(34'dW3pWnR V9dVR ,VnR V9dVR ,Vn RV9dVR,VnR V9dVR ,Vn RV9gR V9gR V9dVPwrVPp \*P,!VP4\*P.!VP4rW,WV ,V ,,V )V ,WW,, ,3VnVP34R#)a Return or set the pen's attributes. Arguments: pen -- a dictionary with some or all of the below listed keys. **pendict -- one or more keyword-arguments with the below listed keys as keywords. Return or set the pen's attributes in a 'pen-dictionary' with the following key/value pairs: "shown" : True/False "pendown" : True/False "pencolor" : color-string or color-tuple "fillcolor" : color-string or color-tuple "pensize" : positive number "speed" : number in range 0..10 "resizemode" : "auto" or "user" or "noresize" "stretchfactor": (positive number, positive number) "shearfactor": number "outline" : positive number "tilt" : number This dictionary can be used as argument for a subsequent pen()-call to restore the former pen-state. Moreover one or more of these attributes can be provided as keyword-arguments. This can be used to set several pen attributes in one statement. Examples (for a Turtle instance named turtle): >>> turtle.pen(fillcolor="black", pencolor="red", pensize=10) >>> turtle.pen() {'pensize': 10, 'shown': True, 'resizemode': 'auto', 'outline': 1, 'pencolor': 'red', 'pendown': True, 'fillcolor': 'black', 'stretchfactor': (1,1), 'speed': 3, 'shearfactor': 0.0} >>> penstate=turtle.pen() >>> turtle.color("yellow","") >>> turtle.penup() >>> turtle.pen() {'pensize': 10, 'shown': True, 'resizemode': 'auto', 'outline': 1, 'pencolor': 'yellow', 'pendown': False, 'fillcolor': '', 'stretchfactor': (1,1), 'speed': 3, 'shearfactor': 0.0} >>> p.pen(penstate, fillcolor="green") >>> p.pen() {'pensize': 10, 'shown': True, 'resizemode': 'auto', 'outline': 1, 'pencolor': 'red', 'pendown': True, 'fillcolor': 'green', 'stretchfactor': (1,1), 'speed': 3, 'shearfactor': 0.0} rrZrYrBr[rrrd stretchfactorrprrvrXFTN)rrrrrrrrrrrrdictr-rWrrr_newLinerrrrrrr)rrXpendict_pdp_p_bufrnewLinesfscxscyshfsacas&&, rrXTPen.pen~ s ^$++$--$..$//$--$++$"2"2$"5"5$"3"3$"4"4$** wJ c4 AA C(FK ??? OO % 1 >}}) , ?!J-// $* /? @* ~~:. >}}) ,  MMO >iLDM ?z]DN >iLDM ! !K.%00!%;0A!B+ nDO a<G*DK 1  D  a ?#B"sEl++X"$  A  !- 0D  >!"9D  a<G*DK Q;6DJ a 6Q;-12D**HC##CXXdjj)488DJJ+?!$"frk):!$R36k): rrdr[r\rZrPrrr:rYrBrurqrMrQrXr rrrr}r|r`rWr>rsrOrrrs@rrr3s#'|"4 #:.#K0 '8 .    $L*MX'/R'0R"5""  {~>>>> E B B B D B Brrc0a]tRtRtoRtRtRtRtVtR#) _TurtleImagei z6Helper class: Datatype to store Turtle attributes cBWnRVnVPV4R#r)rrF _setshape)rr shapeIndexs&&&rr>_TurtleImage.__init__ s   z"rcVPpWnVPRu;8Xd%VPV,P8XdR#VPRu;8Xd%VPV,P8XdR#VPR9dVP VP 4M5VPR8Xd%VP FpVP V4K VPV,PVnVPR8XdVP 4VnR#VPR8Xd4VPVPR,P4VnR#VPR8XdBVPV,PUu.uFq2P 4NK upVnR#R#uupi)r}Nr9r~r)r9r}) rr(rFrr_itemrr;r)rr(rrs&& rr'_TurtleImage._setshape sR$ :: FfnnZ&@&F&F F  G :: DFNN:$>$D$D D  E ::- - NN4:: & ZZ: % t$#^^J/55 :: "++-DJ ZZ7 ",,V^^G-D-J-JKDJ ZZ: %*0..*D*J*JL*J48,,.*JLDJ&Ls#G)r+rFrr(N) rrrrrr>r'rrrs@rr%r% s# LLrr%ca]tRtRtoRt.tR]R,]R,]R,3RltRtR t R t R t R t R t RtR>RltRtRtRtR>RR/V3RlRllltRtR?RltR@RltR?RltR?RltRtRARltRtRtRBR ltR!tR"tR#t R$t!R?R%lt"R&t#R't$R(t%RCR)lt&R*t'](R+4t)R,t*R-t+R?R.lt,R/t-RDR0lt.](R14t/R2t0R3t1R4t2R5t3R6t4]4t5R?R7lt6RER8lt7RER9lt8RER:lt9R;t:R<t;]tR#)Fr i. zjAnimation part of the RawTurtle. Puts RawTurtle upon a TurtleScreen and provides tools for its animation. Nrmrrc8\V\4'dWnM\V\4'd<V\P 9d \P P V4WnM\V\\34'dk\P FpVPV8XgKWPnMN \V4Vn\P P VP4M\RV,4hVPp\PWP44\PV4VPP V4VP!4Vn\%WR4VnRVnRVnR;VnVnW@nRVnVP!4VnVP6.VnVP4.Vn.VnW0n\AV4Vn!VPE4R#)zbad canvas argument %sNF)#r_Screenrr r screensrr rArrzrPr>rrrrdrawingLineItemr%r_poly _creatingPoly _fillitem _fillpathr_hidden_from_screencurrentLineItemrZ currentLiner stampItems_undobuffersizerrWr)rcanvasrmrrrs&&&&& rr>RawTurtle.__init__5 s fg & & K  - -Y...!!((0 K  8 9 9#++99&"(K, +62 !!((5%&>&GH HD++-0 dt$%113"61  "*.. #( %113 NN+**+ -!.1 rc \PV4\PV4VP 4VP 4VP 4R#)atDelete the turtle's drawings and restore its default values. No argument. Delete the turtle's drawings from the screen, re-center the turtle and set variables to the default values. Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle): >>> turtle.position() (0.00,-22.00) >>> turtle.heading() 100.0 >>> turtle.reset() >>> turtle.position() (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.heading() 0.0 N)rPrcrr_clearr rrs&rrcRawTurtle.reset] s<&  D   rc NVeV^8:d RVnR#\V4VnR#)aZSet or disable undobuffer. Argument: size -- an integer or None If size is an integer an empty undobuffer of given size is installed. Size gives the maximum number of turtle-actions that can be undone by the undo() function. If size is None, no undobuffer is present. Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle): >>> turtle.setundobuffer(42) N)rWr)rsizes&&rrjRawTurtle.setundobufferv s! <419"DO%dmDOrc VVPf^#VPP4#)zReturn count of entries in the undobuffer. No argument. Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle): >>> while undobufferentries(): ... undo() )rWrrs&rr{RawTurtle.undobufferentries s$ ?? "**,,rc R;VnVnVPFpVPP V4K VPP 4Vn.VnVP'd&VPPVP4VP .VnVP4VPVP4R#)zDelete all of pen's drawingsN)r4r5rrrrr7r8rrrZr8rjr:rs& rr>RawTurtle._clear s*..JJD KK   %#{{668 ===    # #DNN 3**+   4//0rc FVP4VP4R#)a/Delete the turtle's drawings from the screen. Do not move turtle. No arguments. Delete the turtle's drawings from the screen. Do not move turtle. State and position of the turtle as well as drawings of other turtles are not affected. Examples (for a Turtle instance named turtle): >>> turtle.clear() N)r>rrs&rr6RawTurtle.clear s  rc8VPP4VPP^8wdR#\VP4^8dIVPP VP VPVPVP4R#R#r) rrrrJr8rr7rrrs&rrRawTurtle._update_data so !!# ;; % % *  t  " KK ! !$"6"68H8H"&..$-- A #rc VPpVP^8XdR#VP^8XdNVP4VP4VP 4VP VP 4R#VP4VP^8Xd:VP4FpVP4K VP 4R#R#)z&Perform a Turtle-data update. N) rrrr rrrrr,)rrr4s& rrRawTurtle._update s ??a   __ !         NN  MM&,, -    $$))AMMO* *rc 8VPPW4#)aTurns turtle animation on/off and set delay for update drawings. Optional arguments: n -- nonnegative integer delay -- nonnegative integer If n is given, only each n-th regular screen update is really performed. (Can be used to accelerate the drawing of complex graphics.) Second arguments sets delay value (see RawTurtle.delay()) Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle): >>> turtle.tracer(8, 25) >>> dist = 2 >>> for i in range(200): ... turtle.fd(dist) ... turtle.rt(90) ... dist += 2 )rr+)rflagrs&&&rrRawTurtle._tracer s&{{!!$..rc8VPPV4#r)rrris&&rrRawTurtle._color s{{!!$''rc8VPPV4#r)rrris&&rrRawTurtle._colorstr s{{$$T**rc \V\4'dV#Vwr#pTP P R8Xd(Y#T3Uu.uFp\RT,4NK upwr#p^Tu;8:d^8:d'MM#^Tu;8:d^8:dMM^Tu;8:d^8:gM\ R\T4,4hRY#T3,# \\3d\ R\T4,4hi;iuupi)z,Convert colortriples to hexstrings. rrrrr)rrrrrzrrr)rrjrrrrs&& r_cc RawTurtle._cc s dC K MGA! ;; ! !S (01ay9y!uU1W~y9GA!a3Q!]s]a3%&>T&JK K!** :& M%&?#d)&KL L M:sB<C,<-C)rzFc$<V^8dQhRS[RR/#r|r~)rrs"rrRawTurtle.__annotate__ s..D.T.rc VP4pVP4pV'dVPRR7V'dV'gVP4VeTMVP^,pVeTMVP^,p\ Wg4VnVPVR7V'dV'gVP 4R#R#R#)arInstantly move turtle to an absolute position. Arguments: x -- a number or None y -- a number None fill_gap -- a boolean This argument must be specified by name. call: teleport(x, y) # two coordinates --or: teleport(x) # teleport to x position, keeping y as is --or: teleport(y=y) # teleport to y position, keeping x as is --or: teleport(x, y, fill_gap=True) # teleport but fill the gap in between Move turtle to an absolute position. Unlike goto(x, y), a line will not be drawn. The turtle's orientation does not change. If currently filling, the polygon(s) teleported from will be filled after leaving, and filling will begin again after teleporting. This can be disabled with fill_gap=True, which makes the imaginary line traveled during teleporting act as a fill barrier like in goto(x, y). Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle): >>> tp = turtle.pos() >>> tp (0.00,0.00) >>> turtle.teleport(60) >>> turtle.pos() (60.00,0.00) >>> turtle.teleport(y=10) >>> turtle.pos() (60.00,10.00) >>> turtle.teleport(20, 30) >>> turtle.pos() (20.00,30.00) FrN)rPrDrXr?rZrr2)rrrrzrZ was_fillingrrs&&&$ rruRawTurtle.teleport sF++-lln  HHUH # x MMO]q(9]q(9u, ! x OO  (;rc VPpVPVP4VPpRVnRVn\ V4pWnW nWn\ WPP 4VnVPPV4VPVPP ,PpVR8Xd!VP4VPn MVR8Xd=VPVPR,P4VPn MdVR8Xd^VPVPP ,PUu.uFqQP4NK upVPn VP4VnVP#4V#uupi)zCreate and return a clone of the turtle. No argument. Create and return a clone of the turtle with same position, heading and turtle properties. Example (for a Turtle instance named mick): mick = Turtle() joe = mick.clone() Nr}r9rr~)rr rrrr%r(rrrrFrr+r;rrr7r)rrrqttypers& rr9RawTurtle.clone' sM dmm$  TN   (>(>?q!t{{556<< I #//1AHHN g #001H1N1NOAHHN j $nnT[[-C-CDJJLJ8<002JLAHHN"..0  Ls3Gc VfVPP#WPP49g\ RV,4hVPP V4VP 4R#)agSet turtle shape to shape with given name / return current shapename. Optional argument: name -- a string, which is a valid shapename Set turtle shape to shape with given name or, if name is not given, return name of current shape. Shape with name must exist in the TurtleScreen's shape dictionary. Initially there are the following polygon shapes: 'arrow', 'turtle', 'circle', 'square', 'triangle', 'classic'. To learn about how to deal with shapes see Screen-method register_shape. Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle): >>> turtle.shape() 'arrow' >>> turtle.shape("turtle") >>> turtle.shape() 'turtle' NzThere is no shape named %s)rr(rrrzr'r)rrs&&rrmRawTurtle.shapeO sX( <;;)) ){{,,..%&BT&IJ J d# rc JYu;Jd Tu;Jdf MMVPwrWVP3#V^8XgV^8Xd \R4hVe VfW3pM*W3pM&VeVP^,V3pM VPpVf VPpVPRWCR7R#)aSet/return turtle's stretchfactors/outline. Set resizemode to "user". Optional arguments: stretch_wid : positive number stretch_len : positive number outline : positive number Return or set the pen's attributes x/y-stretchfactors and/or outline. Set resizemode to "user". If and only if resizemode is set to "user", the turtle will be displayed stretched according to its stretchfactors: stretch_wid is stretchfactor perpendicular to orientation stretch_len is stretchfactor in direction of turtles orientation. outline determines the width of the shapes's outline. Examples (for a Turtle instance named turtle): >>> turtle.resizemode("user") >>> turtle.shapesize(5, 5, 12) >>> turtle.shapesize(outline=8) Nz(stretch_wid/stretch_len must not be zeror)rdr r)rrrzrX)r stretch_wid stretch_lenrr s&&&& rrnRawTurtle.shapesizej s*  8 8 8'+':': $KT-?-?? ? ! {a/%&PQ Q  "" + 8 + 8  $ //2K?M //M ?((G F,  ?rc LVf VP#VPRVR7R#)aNSet or return the current shearfactor. Optional argument: shear -- number, tangent of the shear angle Shear the turtleshape according to the given shearfactor shear, which is the tangent of the shear angle. DO NOT change the turtle's heading (direction of movement). If shear is not given: return the current shearfactor, i. e. the tangent of the shear angle, by which lines parallel to the heading of the turtle are sheared. Examples (for a Turtle instance named turtle): >>> turtle.shape("circle") >>> turtle.shapesize(5,2) >>> turtle.shearfactor(0.5) >>> turtle.shearfactor() >>> 0.5 Nr)rdrp)rrX)rshears&&rrpRawTurtle.shearfactor s%& =$$ $ F6rc ~VfV\P!VP4)VP,pW P, VP ,#V)VP,VP,p\P !V4\P,pVPRVR7R#)aSet or return the current tilt-angle. Optional argument: angle -- number Rotate the turtleshape to point in the direction specified by angle, regardless of its current tilt-angle. DO NOT change the turtle's heading (direction of movement). If angle is not given: return the current tilt-angle, i. e. the angle between the orientation of the turtleshape and the heading of the turtle (its direction of movement). Examples (for a Turtle instance named turtle): >>> turtle.shape("circle") >>> turtle.shapesize(5, 2) >>> turtle.tiltangle() 0.0 >>> turtle.tiltangle(45) >>> turtle.tiltangle() 45.0 >>> turtle.stamp() >>> turtle.fd(50) >>> turtle.tiltangle(-45) >>> turtle.tiltangle() 315.0 >>> turtle.stamp() >>> turtle.fd(50) Nr)rdrv) rr;rrVrcr`rarkrX)rrrvs&& rrwRawTurtle.tiltangle s8 =LL,,t/@/@@D---1A1AA A6D...1B1BBD<<%0D HHTH 2rc PVPWP4,4R#)alRotate the turtleshape by angle. Argument: angle - a number Rotate the turtleshape by angle from its current tilt-angle, but do NOT change the turtle's heading (direction of movement). Examples (for a Turtle instance named turtle): >>> turtle.shape("circle") >>> turtle.shapesize(5,2) >>> turtle.tilt(30) >>> turtle.fd(50) >>> turtle.tilt(30) >>> turtle.fd(50) N)rwrss&&rrvRawTurtle.tilt s" u~~//0rc Yu;JdTu;JdTu;JdfVP#VPwrVrxVeTpVeTpVeTpVeTpW,W#,, ^8Xd \R4hWVWx3Vn\P!V)V4\P,p \P !V 4\P !V 4rW,W,, W,W,, W,W,,W,W,,3wrrW3VnW, VnWn VPRR7R#)aZSet or return the current transformation matrix of the turtle shape. Optional arguments: t11, t12, t21, t22 -- numbers. If none of the matrix elements are given, return the transformation matrix. Otherwise set the given elements and transform the turtleshape according to the matrix consisting of first row t11, t12 and second row t21, 22. Modify stretchfactor, shearfactor and tiltangle according to the given matrix. Examples (for a Turtle instance named turtle): >>> turtle.shape("square") >>> turtle.shapesize(4,2) >>> turtle.shearfactor(-0.5) >>> turtle.shapetransform() (4.0, -1.0, -0.0, 2.0) Nz0Bad shape transform matrix: must not be singularrr) rrzrrrkrrrrrrX)rt11t12t21t22m11m12m21m22alfarra11a12a21a22s&&&&& rroRawTurtle.shapetransform s(  + + + +## # ,!--# ?#C ?#C ?#C ?#C 9sy A %%&XY Yc/zz3$$txx/$$B frvorv frvorv@#!hG  F#rc  VPpVPwr4VPwrV\WVVP,VP , 4pR\ V4, V,wrVVUU u.uF`wrW6V,WY,,VP , ,WE)V,Wi,,VP, ,3NKb up p#uup pi)z\Computes transformed polygon shapes from a shape according to current position and heading. r)rrZr\rrrr) rr]rp0p1e0e1errs && r _polytrafoRawTurtle._polytrafo s "6==(6==8 9A,!#IMOIMvT"$Y --r3q5:v}}2L/LMIMO OOs6A&C c VPPVPP,pVPR8Xd*VP VP VPR8H4#R#)aReturn the current shape polygon as tuple of coordinate pairs. No argument. Examples (for a Turtle instance named turtle): >>> turtle.shape("square") >>> turtle.shapetransform(4, -1, 0, 2) >>> turtle.get_shapepoly() ((50, -20), (30, 20), (-50, 20), (-30, -20)) r}r~N)rrrr(rF _getshapepolyr)rrms& rrIRawTurtle.get_shapepoly sS ##DKK$:$:; ;;) #%%ekk5;;*3LM M $rc jaaaaVPR8Xg V'dVPwooooMMVPR8Xd*\^VPR, 4pV^^V3wooooMVPR8XdV#\;QJd.VVVV3RlV4FNK 5#!VVVV3RlV44#)zPCalculate transformed shape polygon according to resizemode and shapetransform. rrg@rc3<"TF5wrSV,SV,,SV,SV,,3xK7 R#5irr)rrrrnrorprqs& rr*RawTurtle._getshapepoly..0 s0J'c!ec!emSUSU]3's=A)rrmaxrr)rr}r~rrnrorprqs&&& @@@@rrRawTurtle._getshapepoly% s   v %!%!1!1 Cc3    'At}}S()A!"Aq! Cc3    +NuJ'JuJuJ'JJJrc  VPpVPVPP,pVPpVPP pVP 'EdrVP^8XEd`VP^8EdNRVn VPpVR8XdVPR8Xd^pM*VPR8XdVPpM VPpVPVPV44pVP VP"rVP%WBWxVRR7R #VR8XdVP'W@P(V4R #VR8Xdz\+WE4Fhwp wrpVPVPV R44p VP%WVP-V4VP-V4VPRR7Kj R #R #VP'dR #VR8XdVP%VR R R 4McVR8Xd9VP'W@P(VPR ,P4M$VR8XdVFp VP%V R R R 4K RVn R #) zhManages the correct rendering of the turtle with respect to its shape, resizemode, stretch and tilt etc.Fr}rrTrCrr}rr9r~Nrrrrr)rrrr(rFr+rrrr6rrrrrrrrrr?rZziprU) rrrmr^titemtshaperfcocrr]s & rr RawTurtle._drawturtle2 s t{{556  !! ;;;600A5&//A:M',D $[[F !##z1q1%%/T]]++a(:(:6(BC$..B  B<=4!I'!!!%@*$,/,>(D.4R??4+=+=dD+IJD$$Tdhhrl-1XXb\ASASY]%_-?% ''' !  (@"bI'!!!%*0..*A*G*GI*$!D$$T+CRL"'+D $rc  $VPpVPVPP,pVPpVP pVR8XdVP 4pVPR8Xd^pM*VPR8XdVPpM VPpVPVPV44pVPVPrVPWRWxVRR7MVR8Xd/VPR4pVP!WPP"V4MVR8Xd.pVF$p VP 4p VP%V 4K& \'V4p\)WT4Fhwp wrpVPVPV R44p VPWVP+V4VP+V4VPRR7Kj VP,P%X4VP.P1R V34V#) auStamp a copy of the turtleshape onto the canvas and return its id. No argument. Stamp a copy of the turtle shape onto the canvas at the current turtle position. Return a stamp_id for that stamp, which can be used to delete it by calling clearstamp(stamp_id). Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle): >>> turtle.color("blue") >>> turtle.stamp() 13 >>> turtle.fd(50) r}rrTrr9rr~rt)rrrr(rFrrrrrrrrrrr;r?rZrrrrUr9rWr) rrrmr^rstitemrrrelementrr]s & rrtRawTurtle.stampZ st{{556  I '')F:-1q!!V+Q''!OOD$6$6v$>?E__dnn   V89t  E g ((,F   fnnf = j F!))+ d#"6]F(+F(;$ntt'9'9$'EF  $((2,)-"T=O=OUY![)< v& gv./ rc WP9dr\V\4'd&VFpVPP V4K MVPP V4VPP V4RV3pVP pW4P9dR#VPPV4pVPP V4WTP8:d*VP^, VP,Vn VPPVP^,VP,R.4R#)z9does the work for clearstamp() and clearstamps() rtN) r9rrrrr2rWrindexrrinsert)rstampidsubitemrbufrs&& r _clearstampRawTurtle._clearstamp s oo %'5))&GKK''0 ' ##G, OO " "7 +!oo zz !    & $ GG ww{ckk1CG 37719ckk1D6:rc HVPV4VP4R#)aDelete stamp with given stampid Argument: stampid - an integer, must be return value of previous stamp() call. Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle): >>> turtle.color("blue") >>> astamp = turtle.stamp() >>> turtle.fd(50) >>> turtle.clearstamp(astamp) N)rr)rrs&&rr7RawTurtle.clearstamp s ! rc VfVPR,pM&V^8dVPRVpMVPVRpVFpVPV4K VP4R#)aDelete all or first/last n of turtle's stamps. Optional argument: n -- an integer If n is None, delete all of pen's stamps, else if n > 0 delete first n stamps else if n < 0 delete last n stamps. Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle): >>> for i in range(8): ... turtle.stamp(); turtle.fd(30) ... >>> turtle.clearstamps(2) >>> turtle.clearstamps(-2) >>> turtle.clearstamps() Nr)r9rr)rrtoDeleters&& rr8RawTurtle.clearstamps s_$ 9q)H !Vr*Hqr*HD   T " rc  VPVPVP\VP\ 43pVP pRVPWVPVPR,VPVP4VPR,33pVP'dVPPV4VPpVP'EdVP^8XEdwW, pV^,VP ,^,V^,VP",^,,p^\%VR,^RVP,,VP,, 4,pVRV, ,p \'^V4Fp V ^8XdRp MRp WYV ,,VnVP'd?VP)VP*WPP3VPVPV 4VP-4K VP'd*VP)VP*R RVPR 7VP'dVPP/V4\VP\ 4'dVPP/V4WnVP0'dVP2P/V4\5VP4^*8dVP74VP-4R #) zMove the pen to the point end, thereby drawing a line if pen is down. All other methods for turtle movement depend on this one. gorr皙?rTFrrCr}Nrr)rrrrr5rrrZr7r8rMrrWrrrrrrrIrr1rrr3r2rJr ) rrxgo_modesr undo_entrystartdiffdiffsqnhopsdeltarrs && rrnRawTurtle._goto sb ]]^^]]57DNNC++&&q)''(<(<=jjm% ??? OO  , ;;;6??a/ID1gfmm+a/476==3H12LLFc63;C,<)=dkk)IJKKECI&E1e_6CC!&!2===$$T%9%9&+^^%<%)^^T]]CI %}}}  !5!57G46dmm!M ===    # #C ( dnnd + + NN ! !# &     JJ  c " t 2 % MMO rc PVwr#rEVwrgrVwrrVPp\VPV, 4R8d \R4WnWnV R R .8XdRpMTpVP WWR7VPUu.uF&pVV 9gK VPV4R8XgK$VNK( ppVF/pVPV4VPPV4K1 TpVP'EdXVP^8XEdFW#, pV^,VP,^,V^,VP,^,,p^\VR,^RVP,,VP,, 4,pVRV, ,p\!^V4FfpV^8XdRpMR pVVV,,VnV'd+VP VP"VVP3WxV4VP%4Kh V'd VP VP"R RVR7W nVP&'dT\)VP*4^8dVP*P-4VP*.8XdR VnR VnV 'dMVP..8XdR Vn\R 4M(VP.eVP.P-4VP%4R #uupi)z)Reverse a _goto. Used for undo() rz$undogoto: HALLO-DA-STIMMT-WAS-NICHT!rrrrrTFNzUnwahrscheinlich in _undogoto!rr)rrrZrr7r8rrrFrr2rrrrrrIr1rr3rJr2rr5)rentryoldnewrcoodatadrawingpcpsrDcLIcLrLrrusepcrKtodeleterrrrrrrs&& r _undogotoRawTurtle._undogoto s',#(#+ R$ t~~# $s * 9 :" &&! !EEu7#zzDz!aunA(. Q6(AAzDA NN1  JJ  a  ;;;6??a/9D1gfmm+a/476==3H12LLFc63;C,<)=dkk)IJKKECI&E1e_6CC!$uqy$$T%9%9&+T^^%<%'S2 %  !5!57G46b!B    4::"  zzR%*"! ~~#!%67+""$ YDs L#L#)L#c hVP'd(VPPRWP34WP,pVPP V4pVP P pV^8XdVP^8dRVP,p^\\V4V, 4,pRV,V, p\V4F3pVPP V4VnVP4K5 W nVP4R#)z&Turns pen clockwise by angle. rotg@rN) rWrrcr\rrrrrrrIr)rr neworientr!anglevelrrrs&& rrtRawTurtle._rotate> s ??? OO %0B0B!C D ###LL''. ++&& a>> turtle.begin_fill() >>> if turtle.filling(): ... turtle.pensize(5) ... else: ... turtle.pensize(3) )rr5rrs&rrDRawTurtle.filling` s$..$//rc# "VP4RxVP4R# TP4i;i5i)zA context manager for filling a shape. Implicitly ensures the code block is wrapped with begin_fill() and end_fill(). Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle): >>> turtle.color("black", "red") >>> with turtle.fill(): ... turtle.circle(60) N)r2r?rs&rrCRawTurtle.filln s+    MMODMMO?*?<?c VP4'gEVPP4VnVPP VP4VP .VnVP4VP'd(VPPRVP34VP4R#)zCalled just before drawing a shape to be filled. No argument. Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle): >>> turtle.color("black", "red") >>> turtle.begin_fill() >>> turtle.circle(60) >>> turtle.end_fill() beginfillN) rDrrr4rrrZr5r rWrrrs&rr2RawTurtle.begin_fill s}||~~![[446DN JJ  dnn -..)  ??? OO +t~~!> ? rc VP4'd\VP4^8dvVPP VP VPVP R7VP'd(VPPRVP 34R;VnVnVP4R#R#)zFill the shape drawn after the call begin_fill(). No argument. Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle): >>> turtle.color("black", "red") >>> turtle.begin_fill() >>> turtle.circle(60) >>> turtle.end_fill() rdofillN) rDrJr5rrr4rrWrrrs&rr?RawTurtle.end_fill s <<>>4>>"Q& %%dnndnn+/??&<???OO(((DNN)CD.2 2DNT^ LLN rc V'g\V\\34'd:VPV4pVP\ VP^4,pMxVP pV'g(VP\ VP^4,pM= 1 (if given) color -- a colorstring or a numeric color tuple Draw a circular dot with diameter size, using color. If size is not given, the maximum of pensize+4 and 2*pensize is used. Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle): >>> turtle.dot() >>> turtle.fd(50); turtle.dot(20, "blue"); turtle.fd(50) NrTrF)rrrrrrrrXrWrrrdrOrZr[rYrE)rrAr:rXs&&* rr= RawTurtle.dot sB$e --t,}}s4==!'<<==3t}}a+@@D|}}s4==!'<<NN5)Ehhj ??? OO % )'+DOO $  F* LLN LL  MM% LLO HHSM ???',DOO $  HHSMs &A(GGc "VPPVPWVVP4wrEVP 4VP P V4VP'dVPPRV34V#)z)Performs the writing for write() wri) rrrZrrrrrWr)rrrrrrxs&&&& rrRawTurtle._write skKK&&t~~s4:>..J   $ ??? OO % / rc xVP'd.VPPR.4RVPnVP\ V4VP 4V4pV'd$VP 4wrgVPWW4VP'dRVPnR#R#)aWrite text at the current turtle position. Arguments: arg -- info, which is to be written to the TurtleScreen move (optional) -- True/False align (optional) -- one of the strings "left", "center" or right" font (optional) -- a triple (fontname, fontsize, fonttype) Write text - the string representation of arg - at the current turtle position according to align ("left", "center" or right") and with the given font. If move is True, the pen is moved to the bottom-right corner of the text. By default, move is False. Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle): >>> turtle.write('Home = ', True, align="center") >>> turtle.write((0,0), True) rTFN)rWrrrrrr^rh)rargmoverrrxrrs&&&&& rr~RawTurtle.write s& ??? OO % )'+DOO $kk#c(EKKM48 88:DA KK  ???',DOO $ rc# "VP4RxVP4R# TP4i;i5i)aA context manager for recording the vertices of a polygon. Implicitly ensures that the code block is wrapped with begin_poly() and end_poly() Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle) where we create a triangle as the polygon and move the turtle 100 steps forward: >>> with turtle.poly(): ... for side in range(3) ... turtle.forward(50) ... turtle.right(60) >>> turtle.forward(100) N)r3r@rs&rr]RawTurtle.poly s+    MMODMMOrc 8VP.VnRVnR#)zStart recording the vertices of a polygon. No argument. Start recording the vertices of a polygon. Current turtle position is first point of polygon. Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle): >>> turtle.begin_poly() TN)rZr2r3rs&rr3RawTurtle.begin_polysnn% !rc RVnR#)aStop recording the vertices of a polygon. No argument. Stop recording the vertices of a polygon. Current turtle position is last point of polygon. This will be connected with the first point. Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle): >>> turtle.end_poly() FN)r3rs&rr@RawTurtle.end_polys #rc LVPe\VP4#R#)zReturn the lastly recorded polygon. No argument. Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle): >>> p = turtle.get_poly() >>> turtle.register_shape("myFavouriteShape", p) N)r2rrs&rrFRawTurtle.get_poly+s" :: !$ $ "rc VP#)aPReturn the TurtleScreen object, the turtle is drawing on. No argument. Return the TurtleScreen object, the turtle is drawing on. So TurtleScreen-methods can be called for that object. Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle): >>> ts = turtle.getscreen() >>> ts >>> ts.bgcolor("pink") )rrs&rrHRawTurtle.getscreen8s{{rc V#)aReturn the Turtleobject itself. No argument. Only reasonable use: as a function to return the 'anonymous turtle': Example: >>> pet = getturtle() >>> pet.fd(50) >>> pet >>> turtles() [] rrs&rrJRawTurtle.getturtleHs  rc 8VPPV4#)zDSet delay value which determines speed of turtle animation. )rrrs&&rrRawTurtle._delay`s{{  ''rc VPPVPPWV4VP 4R#)aQBind fun to mouse-click event on this turtle on canvas. Arguments: fun -- a function with two arguments, to which will be assigned the coordinates of the clicked point on the canvas. btn -- number of the mouse-button defaults to 1 (left mouse button). add -- True or False. If True, new binding will be added, otherwise it will replace a former binding. Example for the anonymous turtle, i. e. the procedural way: >>> def turn(x, y): ... left(360) ... >>> onclick(turn) # Now clicking into the turtle will turn it. >>> onclick(None) # event-binding will be removed N)rrrr+rr/s&&&&rrTRawTurtle.onclickes-$ T[[..#> rc VPPVPPWV4VP 4R#)awBind fun to mouse-button-release event on this turtle on canvas. Arguments: fun -- a function with two arguments, to which will be assigned the coordinates of the clicked point on the canvas. btn -- number of the mouse-button defaults to 1 (left mouse button). Example (for a MyTurtle instance named joe): >>> class MyTurtle(Turtle): ... def glow(self,x,y): ... self.fillcolor("red") ... def unglow(self,x,y): ... self.fillcolor("") ... >>> joe = MyTurtle() >>> joe.onclick(joe.glow) >>> joe.onrelease(joe.unglow) Clicking on joe turns fillcolor red, unclicking turns it to transparent. N)rrrr+rr/s&&&&rrVRawTurtle.onreleasezs-, t{{00#C@ rc hVPPVPPWV4R#)a2Bind fun to mouse-move event on this turtle on canvas. Arguments: fun -- a function with two arguments, to which will be assigned the coordinates of the clicked point on the canvas. btn -- number of the mouse-button defaults to 1 (left mouse button). Every sequence of mouse-move-events on a turtle is preceded by a mouse-click event on that turtle. Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle): >>> turtle.ondrag(turtle.goto) Subsequently clicking and dragging a Turtle will move it across the screen thereby producing handdrawings (if pen is down). N)rrrr+r/s&&&&rrURawTurtle.ondrags$$ DKK--s=rc VPfR#VR8XdKVwr4VPV)V,VP, 4VPP4pR#VR8XdV^,pVP V4R#VR8XdVP V4R#VR 9dBV^,pVP PV4VPPV4R#VR8Xd+V^,pVP PVR RRR7R#VR8XdbV^,pR;Vn Vn WpP9d9VP PV4VPPV4R#R#VR 8Xd9\PW^,4VPP4R#R#) z2Does the main part of the work for undo() NrrtrrrrrrX)rr=r)rWrtrcrr7rrrrr2rr4r5rrX)ractionrrdegPAUdummyrrs&&& r_undoRawTurtle._undose ?? "  U? ME LL%t'9'99 :OO'')E w !WF OOF # t^ NN4 ~ %7D KK   % JJ  d # x 7D KK ! !$(>')2 " 7 { "7D.2 2DNT^zz! ##D) !!$'"u_ HHT7 # OO   !rc &VPfR#VPP4pV^,pVR,pVR8Xd=V'd3VP4pVPV^,VR,4K:R#VPW#4R#)aQundo (repeatedly) the last turtle action. No argument. undo (repeatedly) the last turtle action. Number of available undo actions is determined by the size of the undobuffer. Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle): >>> for i in range(4): ... turtle.fd(50); turtle.lt(80) ... >>> for i in range(8): ... turtle.undo() ... Nrr)rWrr)rrrrs& rrzRawTurtle.undoss" ?? " ""$aBx U?xxz 47DH- JJv $r)r3r4r5r6r\r2rZrrrrrr:r8r7r1rrr9rrWrNrr~)NNNN)Fr#)FrR)Arialrrrv)?rrrrrr0rr>rcrjr{r>r6rrrrrrUrur9rmrnrprwrvrorrIrr rtrr7r8rnrrtr rDrrCr2r?r=rr~r]r3r@rFrHrJrGrrTrVrUrrzryrrrs@rr r . srG"G} $%5 6i&P2,& - 1 A!$/*(+ +.5..`&P6&?P7."3H1&%$P ON" K$,P+Z;, 83j?B$0 0"(()-V -:( " # % "F( *2>*"@%:Jrcl\Pf\4\n\P#)zReturn the singleton screen object. If none exists at the moment, create a new one and return it, else return the existing one.)r _screenr/rrrScreenrs!~~  >>rca]tRtRtoRtRt]R,tRt]R,]R,]R,]R,3R lt R t R t R t R t RtVtR#)r/iNr*c\Pfi\4;\nVnVPP\P4VPP VP 4\Pf\R,p\R,p\R,p\R,p\R,p\R,pVPPWW44VPP4\n\PV\P4VPWWV4R#R#)Nr}rrrrr)r/_rootrr*_titler_destroyrCrrrr r>r')rr}rrrrrs& rr>_Screen.__init__s == ). 0GMDJ JJ  W^^ , JJ  / ?? "ME(^F[)Il+J[)I[)I JJ " "5) H"jj335GO  ! !$ 8 JJui ; #rr}rrrc \VPR4'gR#VPP4pVPP4p\ V\ 4'd^Tu;8:d^8:d MMWQ,pVfWQ, ^, p\ V\ 4'd^Tu;8:d^8:d MMWb,pVfWb, ^, pVPP WW44VP4R#)aSet the size and position of the main window. Arguments: width: as integer a size in pixels, as float a fraction of the screen. Default is 50% of screen. height: as integer the height in pixels, as float a fraction of the screen. Default is 75% of screen. startx: if positive, starting position in pixels from the left edge of the screen, if negative from the right edge Default, startx=None is to center window horizontally. starty: if positive, starting position in pixels from the top edge of the screen, if negative from the bottom edge Default, starty=None is to center window vertically. Examples (for a Screen instance named screen): >>> screen.setup (width=200, height=200, startx=0, starty=0) sets window to 200x200 pixels, in upper left of screen >>> screen.setup(width=.75, height=0.5, startx=None, starty=None) sets window to 75% of screen by 50% of screen and centers rN)hasattrrrrrrrr-)rr}rrrrshs&&&&& rr' _Screen.setup s2tzz>22  ZZ ! ! # ZZ " " $ eU # #UaHE >jA%F fe $ $f)9)9YF >kQ&F v> rc ~\Pe \PPV4V\nR#)a1Set title of turtle-window Argument: titlestring -- a string, to appear in the titlebar of the turtle graphics window. This is a method of Screen-class. Not available for TurtleScreen- objects. Example (for a Screen instance named screen): >>> screen.title("Welcome to the turtle-zoo!") N)r/rr*r)r titlestrings&&rr* _Screen.title2s' == $ MM   ,$rcVPpV\PJd-R\nR\nR\nR\nR\ nVP4R#)NF) rr/r rrrCr rr)rroots& rr_Screen._destroyCsDzz 7== FK!FN GM"GO %  rc &VP4R#)zfShut the turtlegraphics window. Example (for a TurtleScreen instance named screen): >>> screen.bye() N)rrs&rr _Screen.byeMs rc aV3RlpSPV4\R,'dR#\4R# \d\ ^4R#i;i)a Go into mainloop until the mouse is clicked. No arguments. Bind bye() method to mouseclick on TurtleScreen. If "using_IDLE" - value in configuration dictionary is False (default value), enter mainloop. If IDLE with -n switch (no subprocess) is used, this value should be set to True in turtle.cfg. In this case IDLE's mainloop is active also for the client script. This is a method of the Screen-class and not available for TurtleScreen instances. Example (for a Screen instance named screen): >>> screen.exitonclick() c(<SP4R#)z&Screen.bye() with two dummy-parametersN)r)rrrs&&rexitGracefully+_Screen.exitonclick..exitGracefullyhs HHJrrN)rTrrAttributeErrorexit)rrsf rr_Screen.exitonclickUsD&  ^$      J  G s ;AA)r)rrrrrrCrrr>r'r*rrrrrrs@rr/r/sZ EG ']F<"w-X+&tK/@&P%"rr/cfa]tRtRtoRtRtRt]R,]R,]R,3RltRt Vt R#) r iszRawTurtle auto-creating (scrolled) canvas. When a Turtle object is created or a function derived from some Turtle method is called a TurtleScreen object is automatically created. Nrmrrc\Pf\4\n\P V\PVVVR7R#)N)rmrr)r rrr r>)rrmrrs&&&&rr>Turtle.__init__|s; >> !#XFN4!&*8#*  ,rr) rrrrrrrrr>rrrs@rr r ss9 DGG} $%5 6i , ,rc /p\F#pRV,p\V4PW&K% \F#pRV,p\V4PW&K% \ RV,R4;_uu_4p\ RV44pVP R4VRR FBpVP R\V4,4VP R W,,4KD VR ,pVP R\V4,4VP R W,,4VP R 4VP4RRR4R# +'giR#;i) aCreate and write docstring-dictionary to file. Optional argument: filename -- a string, used as filename default value is turtle_docstringdict Has to be called explicitly, (not used by the turtle-graphics classes) The docstring dictionary will be written to the Python script .py It is intended to serve as a template for translation of the docstrings into different languages. z_Screen.zTurtle.z%s.pyrc3l"TF*pVPR4^,\9gK&VxK, R#5i)rN)r _alias_list)rrs& rr&write_docstringdict..s+=Aa ;as#4 4zdocsdict = { Nz%s : z """%s """, z """%s """ z} r) _tg_screen_functionsrr_tg_turtle_functionsrr,r~reprclose)rdocsdict methodnamerrrs& rrrsH* #S )) ++  "S )) + g  % %=== "#9C GGHtCy( ) GG- = >2h 49$% (8=89    & % % %s 8CE E+ cRRVP4/,p\V4pVPpVFpW4,\V4nK R# \ d\ RT,4K@i;i)zRead in docstrings from lang-specific docstring dictionary. Transfer docstrings, translated to lang, from a dictionary-file to the methods of classes Screen and Turtle and - in revised form - to the corresponding functions. z!turtle_docstringdict_%(language)srzBad docstring-entry: %sN)r __import__r rrrr)langmodnamemoduler rs& rread_docstringsr'sh2Z 4MMG  FH 3 ( DI  3 +c1 2 3sAA43A4zCannot find docsdict forz;Unknown Error when trying to import %s-docstring-dictionaryc\P!V4pVP\VPP 44R,R7p.pVPP 4EFPpVP ;;\PP8XdM";\PP8XdMMVPVP4Kq;\PP8Xd"VPRVP 24K;\PP8Xd.VPVP RVP 24K\PP8Xd"VPRVP 24EK<\RVP 4h RRP!V4 R 2p\#V4V3#) a+Get strings describing the arguments for the given object Returns a pair of strings representing function parameter lists including parenthesis. The first string is suitable for use in function definition and the second is suitable for use in function call. The "self" parameter is not included. r) parameters*rz**zUnsupported parameter kind(z, ))inspect signaturereplacerr)valueskind ParameterPOSITIONAL_ONLYPOSITIONAL_OR_KEYWORDrrVAR_POSITIONAL KEYWORD_ONLY VAR_KEYWORD RuntimeErrorrr)oborig_sigfunc_sig call_argsparam call_texts& rgetmethparlistr?sp  $H++2245b9 HI$$++-jj:1!!119'##99:  ,1""11  1UZZL!12/""//  EJJ""..  2ejj\!23"#?LL.DIIi()+I x=) ##rc^RIpVfR#\R,pVPRV,R4pVPRV,4pVP RV4pV#)z>>>>>)objinitr paramslistargslistN)getattrr?r __func_bodyrrglobalsr) functionsrrRrS docreviser!rpl1pl2defstrs &&&&& r_make_global_funcsr^sw )!&) "9 (C % ##Z/2$B VWY(1&..(A *% rzTurtle._screenzScreen()z Turtle._penzTurtle()__main__cR\4'd \4R#\4R#r)rPr`rWrrr switchpenra-s 88 D Drc\4\R4\4\^d4\ 4\ ^4\ ^4FwpV^8Xd \4\ ^4Fp\^4\^Z4K V^8Xd\R4\4\4\^4\ 4Ky \ ^4\R4\R4\4\^Z4\^d4\^Z4\^d4\^4\ 4\R^4\R^4\R4\ ^4F/p\^4\^Z4\^4\^Z4K1 \R4\4\ ^4F/p\^4\^Z4\^4\^Z4K1 \4R#) zDemo of old turtle.py - moduleTmaroonrF startstartrredN)rcr+r|r1r>r}rIr2rErRr:r?rbr~)rKrs rdemo1rf3sJ t     aqAAv 1X RAvh D BK F a gu   b   b   c   lA gq e qA BK H BK "I  t  qA BK H BK "I   rc \^4\4\^4\\ ^^44\ ^^4R, p\ ^Z4\^4Fp\4\V^ 4K \R4\4'd \4K\4\^Z4\^4^ p\!R4\^4\^4\R^4FpV^8d-\#4\%^^V,, ^^V,4\^4Fp\'V4\^x4K \)4V^ , p\^4\\4^,^ ,4K \^x4\+4\'^F4\ ^4\-4\/RR4\^4\#4\^4F0p\^2^Z4\ ^Z4\'^4\ ^Z4K2 \)4\^Z4\+4\'^4\-4\1R4\34pVP5R4\74pVP5R4VP1R4VP4VP9^Z4VP^4VP;4VP=R^(4VP^4VP?4VP^4VP/R R 4VP^4VP^4\\ V44^pVP V4^8dVP'R 4VPR 4VPVP V44VP'^4V^,^8Xd+VPA4VPA4\4V^, pKVPR RRR7VP!R4VP!R4Rp\BPD!^4\4'd#VP4VP4K2VP'^24VPRRR7VPGV^4R#)zDemo of some new features.rzwait a moment...greenreyellowrriblueorangeg @g333333?zCAUGHT! rb)rrrc.\4\4R#r)rr)r8r9s&&rbabademo2..babas M Erz Click me!)rNr)rrbold)Courier ro)$rrrsr[rgrxr<rerIrar5r~r{rzrcrSrrYr2rBrAr?r`rWr:rmrJrdr rRr|rKr>rttimesleeprT)rrlaengerKtrirrrms rdemo2rvhsS a  71a=!!Q# 2rA K 62   !!! F  2#  3r2A1u #bd(Ar!t,1X6 3 J bLF rF 5719b. ! 3  2 2  eH a qA 2rN rF rF rF    2  2  hk v&! X  B Q  C "   Q VH%q ! 76?#ll6"Q& IIcN IIcN NN3;;v. / FF1IrzQ   QJE *#8 H W U  1 !! HHJ KKM r  -(? A D!r) r r rr r RawPenPenr r)rr1r4rArOrSrWr^r`rerfrhrirsryr|r}zTdef %(method)s(self, *args, **kw): return self.%(attribute)s.%(method)s(*args, **kw))r)turtle_docstringdict)Irtkinterr<r rrrr-ros.pathrrrpathlibr contextlibrcopyrr _tg_classesrr _tg_utilities__all__rrrrrrrrrrrr%r=r rArrobjectrrrzr rr rPrr%r rwrr/r rxrr' _LANGUAGE ImportErrorr?rLrPrWr^rrrrarfrvrrrrrs0KZ  ''% I 3 3I3w333"3$+3-:3 3@G 3  3 + 3 -4 3 6> 3 @I 3  3 " 3 $2 3 ! ! !L !, ! ! ! !' !)6 !8? !AH ! ! !$ !&, !.8 !:D !FJ !  ! !' !)2 !4> !@H !  !% !'2 !4: !G !IP !  ! ! $ !&, !.: ! *,  # 4 c  c  T  T     S    $    W  g  z  D  I ! " )e' ,:<1t *$E*$j1 .*a#RXXa#FI6)BEE)0 L5vL5h  ) ) )1F)1X"6f"6Lo #o bCCLY6YxL6L>wjwr% ~l~@,Y,(  D3"   MI ""$H    B'#Z1BD' *.?A z 2jaF G GMCOz1 /01xv1 $i0M HBK LMMs0K<L<LLL<$L<)L<;L<